Massive clonal expansion of polycytotoxic skin and blood CD8+ T cells in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis patients

• Published in: Science advances Vol. 7; no. 12
• Main Authors: Villani, Axel Patrice, Rozieres, Aurore, Bensaid, Benoît, Eriksson, Klara Kristin, Mosnier, Amandine, Albert, Floriane, Mutez, Virginie, Brassard, Océane, Baysal, Tugba, Tardieu, Mathilde, Allatif, Omran, Fusil, Floriane, Andrieu, Thibault, Jullien, Denis, Dubois, Valérie, Giannoli, Catherine, Gruffat, Henri, Pallardy, Marc, Cosset, François-Loïc, Nosbaum, Audrey, Kanagawa, Osami, Maryanski, Janet L., Yerly, Daniel, Nicolas, Jean-François, Vocanson, Marc
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: American Association for the Advancement of Science 19-03-2021
• Subjects: Immunology; SciAdv r-articles
• ISSN: 2375-2548
• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0013

This study highlights the key role of polycytotoxic CD8
+
T cells in the severity of toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening cutaneous adverse drug reaction. To better understand why skin symptoms are so severe, we conducted a prospective immunophenotyping study on skin and blood. Mass cytometry results confirmed that effector memory polycytotoxic CD8
+
T cells (CTLs) are the main leucocytes in TEN blisters at the acute phase. Deep T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire sequencing identified massive expansion of unique CDR3 clonotypes in blister cells. The same clones were highly expanded in patient’s blood, and the degree of their expansion showed significant correlation with disease severity. By transducing α and β chains of the expanded clonotypes into a TCR-defective cell line, we confirmed that those cells were drug specific. Collectively, these results suggest that the relative clonal expansion and phenotype of skin-recruited CTLs condition the clinical presentation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions.