Correlation between whole salivary prostaglandin E 2 and hemoglobin A1c levels among type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontal inflammation

• Published in: BMC oral health Vol. 24; no. 1; p. 266
• Main Authors: Shaheen, Marwa Y, Basudan, Amani M, Alzawawi, Abeer S, Al-Ahmari, Fatemah, Aldulaijan, Hajer A, Alshibani, Nouf, Shaheen, Rakan Saifuddin, Al-Kattan, Reem
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 23-02-2024
• Subjects: Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Gingiva - metabolism; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Inflammation; Prostaglandins; Type-2 diabetes mellitus; Hemoglobin A1c; Periodontal inflammation; Prostaglandin E2; Alveolar bone loss; Unstimulated whole saliva
• ISSN: 1472-6831

It is hypothesized that whole salivary prostaglandin E
(PgE
) levels are higher in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM) than non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation; and that whole salivary expression of PgE
is correlated with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels. The aim of the present study was to compare whole salivary PgE
levels among patients with type-2 DM and non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation.
Sociodemographic data, duration since the diagnosis and management of type-2 DM, most recent hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c level), and any familial history of DM was retrieved from patient's healthcare records. Participants were divided into four groups: Group-1: type-2 diabetics with periodontal inflammation; Group-2: type-2 diabetics without periodontal inflammation; Group-3: non-diabetics with periodontal inflammation; and Group-4: non-diabetics without periodontal inflammation. Plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and PgE
levels were measured. Group-comparisons were done and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
One-hundred-sixty individuals were included. Mean HbA1c levels were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). The PI (P < 0.05), GI (P < 0.05) and PD (P < 0.05) were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 and 4. The CAL was higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05) and 3 (P < 0.05). The PD (P < 0.05), PI (P < 0.05) and GI (P < 0.05) were higher in Group-3 than Group-4. The MBL was higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). The PgE
levels were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05).
Hyperglycemia in patients with type-2 DM is associated with increased expression of whole salivary PgE2 levels and worsened periodontal inflammation compared with individuals with well-controlled type-2 DM and non-diabetic individuals.