ROR[gamma]t and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22-producing NKp46 super(+) cells

• Published in: Nature immunology Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 83 - 91
• Main Authors: Sanos, Stephanie L, Bui, Viet L, Mortha, Arthur, Oberle, Karin, Heners, Charlotte, Johner, Caroline, Diefenbach, Andreas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01-01-2009
• ISSN: 1529-2908
• DOI: 10.1038/ni.1684

The mucosal immune system of the intestine is separated from a vast array of microbes by a single layer of epithelial cells. Cues from the commensal microflora are needed to maintain epithelial homeostasis, but the molecular and cellular identities of these cues are unclear. Here we provide evidence that signals from the commensal microflora contribute to the differentiation of a lymphocyte population coexpressing stimulatory natural killer cell receptors and the transcription factor ROR[gamma]t that produced interleukin 22 (IL-22). The emergence of these IL-22-producing ROR[gamma]t super(hi)NKp46 super(+)NK1.1 super(int) cells depended on ROR[gamma]t expression, which indicated that these cells may have been derived from lymphoid tissue-inducer cells. IL-22 released by these cells promoted the production of antimicrobial molecules important in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis.