Bridging the Gap Between de Jure and de Facto Parliamentary Representation of Women in Africa : Lessons from Rwanda and South Africa

• Main Author: Thabane, Tebello
• Format: Dissertation
• Language: English
• Published: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 01-01-2006
• Subjects: Constitutions; Decision making; Democracy; Feminism; Finance; Gender equity; Law; Political representation; Political science; Politics; South African Studies; Sub Saharan Africa Studies; Womens studies
• ISBN: 9798380978217

This study is predicated on a strong believe that the gender make up of African parliaments must reflect the gender demographics of African states. It is only when that is achieved that the concepts of equality, non-discrimination and democracy can gain their true meaning. As a departure point, the study makes a case that statistically women are under-represented across the overwhelming majority of African parliaments. The study asserts that the underrepresentation is prevalent amid the existence of international, regional and domestic instruments all providing for women’s right to representation in decision-making processes. Thus, the study demonstrates that there is a gap between de jure and de factorepresentation. The study then argues that the convoluted ideology of patriarchy, sacrosanct cultures, inviolable religions, the constructed public/private dichotomy, low levels of education, and the negative impact of globalisation all act in concert to deny African women their rightful place in decisionmaking institutions, particularly parliaments. In a bid to investigate how this can be reserved, the study explores the Rwandan and South African models for purposes of gaining insights on how they have contrived to reach and surpass the critical mass of women in their parliaments. These two models demonstrate that a combination of temporary special measures and gender mainstreaming are effective tools for emancipating women and ensuring their representation in parliaments. These have to be buttressed by strong legal and institutional frameworks, which operate in a conducive socio-political environment.