Evaluation of an Aminobisphosphonate (Alendronate) as Local Drug Delivery System in the Management of Periodontal Osseous Defects-A Clinical and Radiological Study

• Main Author: R, Veena H
• Format: Dissertation
• Language: English
• Published: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 01-01-2006
• Subjects: Aging; Apoptosis; Bioavailability; Biological activity; Bisphosphonates; Bone density; Carbon; Cartilage; Cellular biology; Collagen; Cytokines; Defects; Dentistry; Disease prevention; Drug delivery systems; Drug dosages; Enamel; Hydroxyapatite; Immunology; Independent sample; Ligaments; Medicine; Metabolism; Mineralization; Orthodontics; Osteoporosis; Pharmacology; Sodium; Surgery; Teeth; Urine
• ISBN: 9798374450699

Background and Objectives: Bone destruction associated with periodontitis is caused by osteoclasts, presumably being recruited by the inflammatory process. Therefore any agent capable of inhibiting the activity of these cells should be effective in protecting the alveolar bone. Alendronate, an aminobisphosphonate has been shown to prevent alveolar bone destruction associated with periodontal disease when administered systemically or locally. In the present study, we explored the efficacy of local delivery of Alendronate on the alveolar bone following mucoperiosteal flap surgery.Methods: 15 patients with chronic periodontitis in the age group of 35 - 55 years of both sexes, with pocket depth of 25 mm and radiographic evidence of identical vertical osseous defects in the mandibular molar region bilaterally participated in the study. Alendronate was formulated in a gel form for local delivery. Following surgical flap debridement, 0.1 ml alendronate gel and 0.1 ml! placebo gel was placed at the experimental and control sites respectively. Clinical parameters ( Gingival index, Probing pocket depth and Clinical attachment level) and Radiographic parameters ( Distance from the Cemento-enamel-junction to the base of the defect and distance from the alveolar crest to the base of the defect) were recorded at baseline, 3 months and 6 months post surgery.Results: The results showed improvements in clinical parameters both at the control and experimental sites. However, the experimental site showed better results compared to control. Radiographic measurements showed a significant gain in alveolar crest height and defect fill in the experimental site than the control site which demonstrated crestal resorption.Interpretation and Conclusion: Alendronate induced more improvement in clinical parameters ,alveolar crestal height and defect fill than control. The approach of local delivery addressed the critical concern of exposing the patient to adverse effects of systemic administration.