Pork loin quality is not indicative of fresh belly or fresh and cured ham quality 1,2,3

• Published in: Journal of animal science Vol. 94; no. 12; p. 5155
• Main Authors: Arkfeld, E K, Wilson, K B, Overholt, M F, Harsh, B N, Lowell, J E, Hogan, E K, Klehm, B J, Bohrer, B M, Mohrhauser, D A, King, D A, Wheeler, T L, Dilger, A C, Shackelford, S D, Boler, D D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Champaign Oxford University Press 01-12-2016
• Subjects: Abdomen; Correlation analysis; Meat quality; Pork
• ISSN: 0021-8812; 1525-3163
• DOI: 10.2527/jas2016-0886

The objective was to characterize the relationship between fresh loin quality with fresh belly or fresh and cured ham quality. Pigs raised in 8 barns representing 2 seasons [cold (n = 4,290) and hot (n = 3,394)] and 2 production focuses [lean (n = 3,627) and quality (n = 4,057)] were used. Carcass characteristics and other meat quality data were collected on 7,684 carcasses. All of the carcasses were evaluated for HCW, LM depth, tenth rib fat depth, leg (ham primal) weight, instrumental color on the gluteus medius and gluteus profundus of the ham face, and subjective loin quality. Instrumental loin color and ultimate pH (≥ 22 h postmortem) were collected on the ventral side of loins along with dimensions and firmness scores of fresh bellies from 50% of the carcasses. Ten percent of the boneless loins and fresh hams were evaluated for slice shear force (SSF) or cured ham characteristics. Correlation coefficients between traits were computed using the CORR procedure of SAS and considered significantly different from 0 at P ≤ 0.05. Temperature decline, beginning at 31 min postmortem and concluding at 22 h postmortem, for the longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscles were evaluated on 10% of the carcasses. Ultimate loin pH was correlated with dimensional belly characteristics (r ≥ |0.07|; P < 0.0001) fresh ham instrumental color (r ≥ |0.03|; P ≤ 0.05), and semimembranosus ultimate pH (r = 0.33; P < 0.0001). Further, ultimate loin pH was correlated (P ≤ 0.01) with pump retention (r = 0.087) and cooked yield (r = 0.156) of cured hams. Instrumental L*on the ventral surface of the loin was related to L* on both muscles of the ham face (P ≤ 0.0001). Even though significant relationships between the loin, belly, and ham were detected, the variability in belly and ham quality explained by variability in loin quality was poor (≤ 22.09%). Compositional differences between the loin and belly may have contributed to those poor relationships. Additionally, differences in temperature declines during chilling between the loin and ham likely contributed to the weak nature of relationships. Equilibration of longissimus dorsi temperature to ambient cooler temperature occurred at 14 h postmortem (P = 0.0005), yet the semimembranosus had not equilibrated with ambient (equilibration bay) temperature (P < 0.0001) at 22 h postmortem. Using loin quality to draw conclusions about fresh belly and fresh and cured ham quality may be misleading.