Magnetotransport in graphene: a study of quantum hall breakdown, energy loss rates, and weak localization

• Main Author: Baker, Anton Martyn Roman
• Format: Dissertation
• Language: English
• Published: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 01-01-2012
• Subjects: Condensed matter physics; Electromagnetism; Energy; Graphene; Localization; Trends

This thesis reports magnetotransport measurements in graphene Hall bar devices. Graphene samples fabricated from different techniques (epitaxial growth on silicon carbide, exfoliation, and CVD) are measured and compared. Measurements are taken primarily using a 21T magnet, at liquid Helium 4 temperatures. The first three chapters present the background for the work. Chapter One details the motivation for the thesis, and gives a general background to carbon and the state of carbon research. Chapter Two covers the theoretical background of graphene, including the anomalous quantum Hall effect and weak localization. Chapter Three covers the synthesis of graphene and a typical procedure undertaken for device fabrication. The next three chapters report experimental results. Chapter Four presents measurements of the energy loss rates in exfoliated graphene. The mechanism of carrier energy loss is investigated, and compared to theory. Further, the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect in the device is investigated, demonstrating peak current densities far in excess of those found in the literature for exfoliated graphene. Chapter Five shows measurements comparing the carrier energy loss rates in graphene derived from the epitaxial, exfoliated and CVD fabrication techniques. An unconventional method for measuring the energy loss rate based on measuring the weak localization peak is developed, and trends in the energy loss rates with carrier density are investigated for a wide range of devices. Chapter Six reports a comparison of the decomposed weak localization scattering lengths from graphene devices derived from the epitaxial and CVD methods, and compares these to measurements from the literature. Further, a previously reported saturation of the weak localization in graphene is investigated, and demonstrated to be an experimental artefact. This thesis provides a development of the understanding, and an experimental verification, of several aspects of heat transfer in graphene. An understanding of heat transfer is of critical importance to proposed high-density nano-electronics, and bolometry applications. The high breakdown currents and observed trends in carrier density are also of significant assistance in the design of low-cost resistance metrology devices based on graphene.