Myotrophin/V-1, a Protein Up-regulated in the Failing Human Heart and in Postnatal Cerebellum, Converts NFκB p50-p65 Heterodimers to p50-p50 and p65-p65 Homodimers

• Published in: The Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 277; no. 26; p. 23888
• Main Authors: Pascal Knuefermann, Peter Chen, Arunima Misra, Shu-Ping Shi, Maha Abdellatif, Natarajan Sivasubramanian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 28-06-2002
• ISSN: 0021-9258; 1083-351X
• DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M202937200

Myotrophin/V-1 is a cytosolic protein found at elevated levels in failing human hearts and in postnatal cerebellum. We have
previously shown that it disrupts nuclear factor of κB (NFκB)-DNA complexes in vitro . In this study, we demonstrated that in HeLa cells native myotrophin/V-1 is predominantly present in the cytoplasm and translocates
to the nucleus during sustained NFκB activation. Three-dimensional alignment studies indicate that myotrophin/V-1 resembles
a truncated IκBα without the signal response domain (SRD) and PEST domains. Co-immunoprecipitation studies reveal that myotrophin/V-1
interacts with NFκB proteins in vitro ; however, it remains physically associated only with p65 and c-Rel proteins in vivo during NFκB activation. In vitro studies indicate that myotrophin/V-1 can promote the formation of p50-p50 homodimers from monomeric p50 proteins and can
convert the preformed p50-p65 heterodimers into p50-p50 and p65-p65 homodimers. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression
of myotrophin/V-1 resulted in elevated levels of both p50-p50 and p65-p65 homodimers exceeding the levels of p50-p65 heterodimers
compared with Adβgal-infected cells, where the levels of p50-p65 heterodimers exceeded the levels of p50-p50 and p65-p65 homodimers.
Thus, overexpression of myotrophin/V-1 during NFκB activation resulted in a qualitative shift by quantitatively reducing the
level of transactivating heterodimers while elevating the levels of repressive p50-p50 homodimers. Correspondingly, overexpression
of myotrophin/V-1 resulted in significantly reduced κB-luciferase reporter activity. Because myotrophin/V-1 is found at elevated
levels during NFκB activation in postnatal cerebellum and in failing human hearts, this study cumulatively suggests that myotrophin/V-1
is a regulatory protein for modulating the levels of activated NFκB dimers during this period.