Effects of Passive Smoking Associated with Physical Exercise in the Skeletal Muscles of Rats During Pregnancy and Lactation/Efectos del Tabaquismo Pasivo Asociado con el Ejercicio Fisico en los Musculos Esqueleticos de Ratas Durante la Gestacion y Lactancia

• Published in: International journal of morphology Vol. 33; no. 2; p. 497
• Main Authors: Valsoni, Bruna Corral Garcia, Bonfim, Mariana Rotta, Camargo, Regina Celi Trindade, de Abreu, Luiz Carlos, Souza, Doroteia Rossi Silva, Filho, Jose Carlos Silva Camargo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina 01-06-2015
• Subjects: Cigarettes; Exercise; Passive smoking; Pregnancy; Skeletal muscle
• ISSN: 0717-9367

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of passive smoking, in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles associated with physical exercise by swimming during pregnancy and lactation of rats. Twenty-four rats were divided: GF (exposed to cigarette smoke), GC (control), GFN (underwent to the swimming program and exposed to cigarette smoke) and GN (underwent to the swimming program). On the first day of pregnancy procedure of exposure to cigarette smoke began, consisting in 30 minutes twice a day for six weeks. During the same period the swimming program began, which lasted 60 min every day until the 21st day of lactation. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, were obtained for histological, histochemical, morphometric analysis and fiber profiling. In histology, the groups GF and GFN showed infiltrations, necrotic and phagocytized fibers, centralized nuclei, splittings and coiling; in GN changes were observed due to exercise adaptations, infiltrations, sarcolemal lesion, polymorphic, atrophic and angular fibers. In the histochemical analysis of the groups GF and GFN there was enzymatic activity and amorphous formazan aggregates in subsarcolemmal positions, however in GN the same changes were found in lower frequency and intensity. In regard to the measure of the cross-section of muscle fibers there weren't significant differences among the groups, as well as, in the frequency of types of fibers of the gastrocnemius. It is concluded that aerobic exercise is not enough to impede morphological and histochemical changes caused in an animal model of pregnant and lactating associated with smoking, and the stress not influence the types and size of muscle fibers. KEY WORDS: Passive Smoking; Physical Exercise; Pregnancy; Lactation; Skeletal Muscle. EL objetivo fue analizar los efectos del tabaquismo pasivo sobre los musculos soleo y gastrocnemio asociado con el entrenamiento corporal de natacion durante la prenez y lactancia de ratas. Veinticuatro ratas se dividieron en grupos: GF (expuestos al humo de cigarrillo), GC (control), GFN (sometido al programa de natacion y expuesto al humo del cigarrillo) y GN (sometido al programa de natacion). El procedimiento de exposicion al humo del cigarrillo comenzo primer dia de prenez, durante 30 min dos veces al dia por seis semanas. Durante el mismo periodo, comenzo el programa de natacion, con una duracion de 60 min todos los dias hasta el dia 21 de lactancia. Se extrajeron los musculos soleo y gastrocnemio, y se realizo el analisis histologico, morfometrico histoquimico y de perfiles de fibra. En la histologia, los grupos GF y GFN mostraron infiltraciones, fibras necroticas y fagocitadas, nucleos centralizados, divisiones y enrollamientos; en GN se observaron cambios debido a las adaptaciones de ejercicio tales como infiltraciones, lesion del sarcolema, y fibras polimorficas, atroficas y angulares. En el analisis histoquimico de los grupos GF y GFN hubo actividad enzimatica y se formaron agregados amorfos en posiciones subsarcolemales; en el grupo GN se encontraron los mismos cambios en menor frecuencia e intensidad. No hubo diferencias en las medidas de las secciones transversales de las fibras musculares entre los grupos, asi como en la frecuencia de los tipos de fibras del musculo gastrocnemio. Se concluye que el ejercicio aerobico no es suficiente para impedir los cambios morfologicos e histoquimicos causados en un modelo animal de ratas prenadas en periodo de lactancia asociados con el tabaquismo, y el estres no influye en el tipo y tamano de las fibras musculares. PALABRAS CLAVE: Tabaquismo pasivo; Ejercicio fisico; Prenez; Lactancia; Musculo esqueletico.