Feeding specificity: searching a taxonomic character for the differentiation of two cryptic species of mealybugs of the genus Planococcus

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible host specificity of two cryptic species of mealybugs of the genus Planococcus, reflected in its development in fruits of cocoa, coffee and citrus. The mealybugs Planococcus minor were obtained from cocoa fruits (Theobroma cacao L. cv. Comum) and ci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista Brasileira de fruticultura Vol. 34; no. 3; p. 744
Main Authors: De Sousa, Ana Luiza Viana, Souza, Brigida, Santa-Cecilia, Lenira Viana Costa, Prado, E Ernesto
Format: Journal Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura 01-09-2012
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Summary:The aim of this study was to investigate a possible host specificity of two cryptic species of mealybugs of the genus Planococcus, reflected in its development in fruits of cocoa, coffee and citrus. The mealybugs Planococcus minor were obtained from cocoa fruits (Theobroma cacao L. cv. Comum) and citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, from coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo) and citrus fruits (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Bahia). Both species were reared on pumpkins (Cucurbita maxima L.) under laboratory conditions. Coffee fruit clusters were kept into a Petri dish containing a 5 mm-agar layer sealed with PVC film. On citrus and cocoa fruits the insects were confined inside a clip-cage attached to the fruit. The tests were carried out in environmental chambers at 25 [+ or -] 1[degrees]C, 70 [+ or -] 10% RH and 12 hours photophase using 30 replications. For mealybugs from coffee, the coffee substrate provided the greatest female nymphal period (20.8 days) and longevity (31.7 days). For females from cocoa, the lowest nymphal period (21.1 days) and longevity (25.0 days) were promoted by cocoa substrate. For those from citrus, cocoa substrate promoted the lowest nymphal period (18.4 days) and the substrate citrus promoted the greatest longevity (32.0 days). The highest mortality (50%) occurred in nymphs derived from cocoa and citrus fruits, rearing in coffee and cocoa, and the smallest were derived from coffee fruits, regardless of the substrate on which they were rearing. The results did not show a clear host specificity despite of the mealybug P. minor showed a closer association with the cocoa and eventually coffee which would explain its greater frequency in cacao. On the other hand, the citrus mealybug, P citri, did not show any specificity for the three tested hosts. Index terms: Planococcus citri, Planococcus minor, host specificity, biology. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar uma possivel especificidade alimentar de duas especies cripticas de cochonilhas do genero Planococcus, refletida em seu desenvolvimento em frutos de cacaueiro, cafeeiro e citros. A cochonilha Planococcus minor (Maskell), obtida de frutos de cacau (Theobroma cacao L. cv. Comum), e Planococcus citri (Risso), de lavoura de cafe (Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo) e de mudas de citros (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Bahia), foram criadas em aboboras (Cucurbita maxima L.), em laboratorio. Rosetas com frutos de cafe foram mantidas sobre uma lamina de 5 mm de agar-agua em placas de Petri, vedadas com filme plastico de polietileno. Em frutos de citros e cacau foram utilizadas gaiolas plasticas cilindricas (1,5 cm x 3,0 cm), vedadas com voile na parte superior, as quais foram fixadas nos frutos por meio de um elastico. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos em camaras climatizadas a 25 [+ or -] 1[degrees]C, 70 [+ or -] 10% UR e 12 horas de fotofase, utilizando-se de 30 repeticoes. Para as cochonilhas provenientes de cafeeiro, o substrato cafe proporcionou o maior periodo ninfal de femeas (20,8 dias) e maior longevidade (31,7 dias). Para femeas oriundas de cacau, o substrato cacau promoveu o menor periodo ninfal (21,1 dias) e maior longevidade (25,0 dias). Para aquelas oriundas de citros, o substrato cacau promoveu o menor periodo ninfal (18,4 dias), e o substrato citros, a maior longevidade (32,0 dias). As maiores porcentagens de mortalidade (50%) foram obtidas das ninfas oriundas de frutos de cacau e citros, criadas em cafe e cacau, e as menores foram das ninfas oriundas de frutos de cafe, independentemente do substrato em que foram criadas. A cochonilha P. minor mostra uma associacao mais estreita com o cacau e, eventualmente, cafe, em relacao ao citros, o que explicaria sua maior ocorrencia em cacau. No entanto, P. citri nao evidencia nenhuma especificidade para os tres substratos testados. Termos para indexacao: Planococcus citri, Planococcus minor, especificidade hospedeira, biologia.
ISSN:0100-2945