The relationship between vernalization- and photoperiodically-regulated genes and the development of frost tolerance in wheat and barley. A review

• Published in: Biologia plantarum Vol. 52; no. 4
• Main Authors: Kosova, K.,Vyzkumny Ustav Rostlinne Vyroby, Prague (Czech Republic), Prasil, I.T.,Vyzkumny Ustav Rostlinne Vyroby, Prague (Czech Republic), Vitamvas, P.,Vyzkumny Ustav Rostlinne Vyroby, Prague (Czech Republic)
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01-10-2008
• Subjects: ADAPTACION; ADAPTATION; BARLEY; BLE; CEBADA; COLD TOLERANCE; FOTOPERIODISMO; FROST RESISTANCE; GENE; GENES; HORDEUM VULGARE; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_11025; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_117; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_16059; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_16067; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_24869; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3214; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3662; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_5809; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6259; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6520; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_7951; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_823; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_8373; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_9994; LOCI; LOCUS; ORGE; PHOTOPERIODICITE; PHOTOPERIODICITY; PROTEINAS; PROTEINE; PROTEINS; RESISTANCE A L'HIVER; RESISTANCE AUX FACTEURS NUISIBLES; RESISTANCE AUX GELEES; RESISTANCE TO INJURIOUS FACTORS; RESISTENCIA A AGENTES DANINOS; RESISTENCIA A LAS HELADAS; RESISTENCIA INVERNAL; TOLERANCE AU FROID; TOLERANCIA AL FRIO; TRIGO; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; VERNALISATION; VERNALIZACION; VERNALIZATION; WHEATS; WINTER HARDINESS
• ISSN: 0006-3134; 1573-8264

The review summarizes the level of current knowledge of impacts of vernalization and photoperiod on the induction and maintenance of frost tolerance (FrT) in wheat and barley. The phenomenon of vernalization is briefly described and the major vernalization (VRN) loci are characterised. Vernalization requirement and the three major growth habits of Triticeae (facultative, winter and spring) are defined on the basis of the two-locus VRN-2/VRN-1 epistatic model. Major photoperiodically regulated genes which influence the transition to flowering are characterised and their interactions with VRN genes are briefly discussed. The phenomenon of induction of FrT during the process of cold acclimation (CA) is described and the major cold-induced Cor/Lea genes are listed. Important regulatory mechanisms, i.e., CBF pathway, controlling the expression of Cor/Lea genes under cold, are discussed. The major loci affecting the development of FrT in Triticeae, the Fr loci, are characterised. In conclusion, current progress in this research field is summarized and new questions arising in the area are formulated.