Euskararen laguntzaile ahantziaz: iron aditzaren historia

• Published in: Fontes linguae vasconum no. 116; pp. 131 - 169
• Main Author: Manuel Padilla-Moyano
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Gobierno de Navarra 01-12-2013
• Subjects: auxiliary verbs; Eastern Basque; verb diachrony; verb morphology
• ISSN: 0046-435X; 2530-5832

Orain arteko ikerketa saioek albo batera utzi dute euskal aditz laguntzaileen sistemaren kide bat: *iron aditza. Geografikoki gero eta ekialderago plegatua, eta funtzionalki aditz iragankorren modu markatuei mugatua, *iron laguntzailea *ezan aditzarekin lehian ageri da historikoki. Lan honetan, batetik, *iron aditzaren inguruan plazaratu den informazio guztia bildu dugu, eta bestetik, ikerketa morfologikoa eta sintaktikoa gauzatu, ehun testutik gora biltzen duen corpus batetik abiaturik. Ikuspegi diakronikotik, *iron-en bilakaera errezesiboa ez da balizko defektibotasun morfologiko batez azaldu behar, objektu pluralarekiko formak zein joskera hirupertsonala ongi lekukotuak baitira aldi historikoan. Gure ustez, aditz honen gibelatzea gehiago esplika liteke laguntzaileen sisteman izan duen posizio ahulagatik. Studies published up to now have neglected a component of the verbal system of Basque: the auxiliary *iron. This verb, very limited both geographically and functionally, is historically documented in competition with the auxiliary*ezan. On the one hand, we have compiled all the information available on *iron, and, on the other, we have achieved a morphological and syntactic research on the basis of a corpus of over one hundred texts. From a diachronic perspective, the recessive evolution of *iron could not have been due to the alleged morphological defectiveness of the verb. In our view, the decline of this verb is to be explained on the basis of its precarious position in the auxiliary verb system of the Basque language.