Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil Doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Brasil

Poverty is intrinsically related to the incidence of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The main countries that have the lowest human development indices (HDI) and the highest burdens of NTDs are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among these countries is Brazil, which is ran...

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Published in:Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Vol. 51; no. 5; pp. 247 - 253
Main Authors: José Angelo L. Lindoso, Ana Angélica B.P. Lindoso
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Universidade de São Paulo (USP) 01-10-2009
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Summary:Poverty is intrinsically related to the incidence of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The main countries that have the lowest human development indices (HDI) and the highest burdens of NTDs are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among these countries is Brazil, which is ranked 70th in HDI. Nine out of the ten NTDs established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are present in Brazil. Leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, dengue fever and leprosy are present over almost the entire Brazilian territory. More than 90% of malaria cases occur in the Northern region of the country, and lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis occur in outbreaks in a particular region. The North and Northeast regions of Brazil have the lowest HDIs and the highest rates of NTDs. These diseases are considered neglected because there is not important investment in projects for the development of new drugs and vaccines and existing programs to control these diseases are not sufficient. Another problem related to NTDs is co-infection with HIV, which favors the occurrence of severe clinical manifestations and therapeutic failure. In this article, we describe the status of the main NTDs currently occurring in Brazil and relate them to the HDI and poverty.A pobreza está intrinsicamente relacionada com a ocorrência de doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs). Os principais países com os menores índices de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) e a maior carga de DTNs estão nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do globo terrestre. O Brasil é o 70º país no ranking do IDH e concentra nove das 10 principais doenças tropicais consideradas negligenciadas pela OMS. Leishmanioses, tuberculose, dengue e hanseníase ocorrem em quase todo o território do Brasil. Mais de 90% dos casos de malária ocorrem na região norte e há surtos de filariose linfática e oncocercose. As regiões norte e nordeste apresentam o menor IDH e concentram o maior número das DTNs. Essas doenças são consideradas negligenciadas devido à falta de investimento no desenvolvimento de novas drogas e vacinas e também pela pouca eficácia dos programas de controle. Um problema preocupante em relação às DTNs é a co-infecção com HIV, que favorece manifestações clínicas graves e falência terapêutica. Neste artigo, a situação das principais DTNs no Brasil é descrita e correlacionada com o IDH e a pobreza.
ISSN:0036-4665
1678-9946
DOI:10.1590/S0036-46652009000500003