The diversity and ecological roles of insects and arachnids in arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plantation in Palasari, Bandung Regency Keanekaragaman dan fungsi ekologis serangga dan arachnida pada ekosistem kopi arabika (Coffea arabica) di Palasari, Kabupaten Bandung

• Published in: Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol. 21; no. 1
• Main Authors: Maharani, Yani, Dewi, Ajeng Putri Kusuma, Rasiska, Siska, Hutapea, Dedi, Maxiselly, Yudithia, Sandrawati, Apong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Indonesian
• Published: 07-08-2024
• ISSN: 1829-7722; 2089-0257
• DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.54

Keanekaragaman komunitas artropoda dapat dijadikan sebagai bioindikator perubahan lingkungan khususnya pada sistem budi daya kopi dengan sistem pengelolaan yang beragam. Sistem pengelolaan lahan yang beragam akan menimbulkan perubahan struktur komunitas dan fungsi ekologis artropoda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman dan peranan serangga dan Arachnida pada perkebunan kopi Arabika di Kabupaten Bandung. Sampel diambil dari perkebunan kopi di Desa Legok Nyenang, Kabupaten Bandung dengan menetapkan lima plot sampel berukuran 100 m2 per plot dengan jarak antar plot sejauh 50 m. Serangga dan Arachnida terestrial diambil menggunakan jaring ayun, perangkap nampan kuning, dan beating sheet. Sampel yang diperoleh diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi hingga tingkat morfospesies. Sebanyak 269 jenis serangga (11 ordo dan 98 famili, total 669 individu) dan 23 jenis Aachnida (satu ordo dan 13 famili, total 44 individu) berhasil dikumpulkan dari perkebunan kopi Arabika Palasari. Peran ekologi yang paling beragam adalah fitofag. Spesies fitofag yang dominan adalah Nysius sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Musuh alami yang dominan, yaitu parasitoid Megacampsomeris prismatica (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) dan predator, Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae: Tetragnathidae), sedangkan fungsi ekologis yang jumlahnya paling rendah adalah serangga penyerbuk (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Keanekaragaman jenis serangga dan Arachnida yang ditemukan pada pertanaman kopi di Kabupaten Bandung termasuk dalam kategori tinggi (H' = 5,10), meskipun indeks kemerataan dan dominansinya tergolong rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertanaman kopi merupakan ekosistem yang potensial bagi konservasi keanekaragaman hayati serangga dan Arachnida predator sehingga praktik budi daya dan pengelolaan hama harus diarahkan untuk melindungi serangga menguntungkan, seperti musuh alami dan polinator.
The diversity of arthropod communities is often used as a bioindicator of environmental changes, specifically in coffee farms with various management systems. Significant impacts of the environmental changes lead to alterations in the community structure and function of arthropods. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity and ecological roles of insect and arachnids in arabica coffee plantations in Bandung Regency. Sampling was conducted on five plots measuring 100 m2 each, with a separating distance of 50 m, in coffee farms located in Legok Nyenang Village, Bandung Regency. This was performed five times per weekly intervals using sweep nets, yellow tray traps, and beating sheets. Subsequently, collected samples were identified based on morphological characters at the Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. A total of 269 insects species (11 orders and 98 families, total 669 individuals) and 23 species of Arachnida (one order and 13 families, total 44 individuals) were found, The most abundance of natural enemies were the parasitoid, Megacampsomeris prismatica (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) and the predator, Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Meanwhile, the ecological function of the group with the lowest number was pollinators (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Although the diversity of insects and arachnids species found in coffee farms was high (H' = 5.10), the evenness and dominance index were relatively low. These results showed the potential of coffee plantations as ecosystems for conserving predatory arthropods biodiversity. Consequently, coffee cultivation practices and pest management strategies must prioritize the protection of beneficial insects such as natural enemies and pollinators.