All‐Scalable CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated in Ambient Air

• Published in: Solar RRL Vol. 7; no. 15
• Main Authors: Ahmed, Yameen, Thrithamarassery Gangadharan, Deepak, Kokaba, Mohammad Reza, Yeddu, Vishal, Awais, Muhammad, Zhang, Dongyang, Kamraninejad, Vahid, Saidaminov, Makhsud I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01-08-2023
• Subjects: ambient air; flexibility; scalable coating; slot-die coating; surface passivation
• ISSN: 2367-198X; 2367-198X
• DOI: 10.1002/solr.202300288

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an attractive emerging photovoltaic technology due to their high‐performance while being made by low‐cost fabrication processes. The most efficient PSCs are small area and made by nonscalable coating method in an inert atmosphere, but these sizes and fabrication conditions are commercially irrelevant. Herein, fabrication of PSCs is reported using only scalable methods, that is, slot‐die coating and blade coating methods, all in ambient air. The tolerance to relaxed fabrication conditions is enabled by the use of hydrated nonhalogenated lead source. Resurfacing strategy is then introduced to suppress charge carrier nonradiative recombination and obtained an efficiency of 19.91% for rigid and 17.4% for flexible PSCs by all‐scalable fabrication. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest efficiencies for n–i–p structured MAPbI3‐based PSCs in ambient air using all‐scalable method to date. The devices showed excellent tolerance to oxygen and moisture (ISOS‐D‐1) as well as stable maximum power point operation following burn in a dry air glove box (relative humidity ≈ 20%) without encapsulation.
This study demonstrates an efficient and reproducible fabrication of all‐scalable CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells in ambient air. Power conversion efficiencies of 19.91% and 17.4% is achieved for rigid and flexible devices, respectively.