Beryllium ion sensing through the ion pair formation between the electrochemically reduced ferrocenyl naphthoquinone radicals and Be2+ ions

• Published in: Journal of chemical sciences (Bangalore, India) Vol. 131; no. 5
• Main Authors: Atasen, Secil Kirlangic, Alcay, Yusuf, Yavuz, Ozgur, Yucel, Baris, Yilmaz, Ismail
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Springer India 01-05-2019
• Subjects: Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chemistry/Food Science; Regular Article; ion pair formation; naphthoquinone; spectro-electrochemistry; metal sensor; Beryllium
• ISSN: 0974-3626; 0973-7103
• DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1616-7

We explored the mechanistic aspects of ion pair formation between electrochemically reduced radicals (
Fc
–
cnq
–
1a
∙
-
/Fc
–
cnq
–
1b
∙
-
)
and dianions (
Fc–cnq–1a
2
-
/
Fc–cnq–1b
2
-
)
of ferrocenyl naphthoquinones (
Fc–cnq–1a
and
Fc–cnq–1b
) and several metal ions by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and spectroelectrochemistry, for the first time. The experiments demonstrated that
Fc–cnq–1a
2
-
/
Fc–cnq–1b
2
-
were moderately affected with Na
+
, K
+
and Cs
+
by slightly shifting to the anodic side, but were strongly influenced with Li
+
ion.
Fc–cnq–1a
∙
-
/Fc–cnq–1b
∙
-
were not affected by alkali metal ions, indicating no ion pair formation between the radicals and these ions.
Fc–cnq–1a
2
-
/
Fc–cnq–1b
2
-
was not evolved in the presence of Be
2
+
, Mg
2
+
and Ca
2
+
, but
Fc–cnq–1a
∙
-
/Fc–cnq–1b
∙
-
appeared with their cathodic waves, and participated with intermediates, [
(Fc–cnq–1b)
2
∙
-
–Be
2
+
and [
(Fc–cnq–1a)
∙
-
–Cl
]. The most pronounced effect on the ion-pair formation of the
Fc–cnq–1a
∙
-
/Fc–cnq–1b
∙
-
was observed in Be
2
+
, indicating that
Fc–cnq–1a
or
Fc–cnq–1b
can selectively sense ultra-trace amount of Be
2
+
(LOD = 3.6 ppb) among the other metal ions with SWV titration, for the first time, based on the strong ion pair formation reaction between the radicals and Be
2
+
.
Graphical abstract
Synopsis
Ultra-trace amount of beryllium ion (
Be
2
+
) sensing (LOD = 3.6 ppb) through the ion pair formation between the electrochemically reduced ferrocenyl naphthoquinone radicals (
Fc–cnq–1a
∙
-
/Fc–cnq–1b
∙
-
)
and
Be
2
+
ions by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and for the first time spectroelectrochemistry is reported in this study.