Pollution from septic systems: Assessing the implementation of Ontario EPA Regulation 358 and the Clean Up Rural Beaches (CURB) program

• Main Author: Saab, Tara Kristine
• Format: Dissertation
• Language: English
• Published: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 01-01-1999
• Subjects: Environmental science; Geography; Public administration
• ISBN: 9780612398757; 0612398757

Septic systems contribute the largest volumetric source of effluent discharged into the groundwater supply. As a result, faulty or improperly sited systems have been recognized as a significant cause of water contamination. Previous research has focused on the performance of the system rather than the implementation of septic system policies. Traditionally, regulatory controls have been enforced to control the installation of new septic systems and cost-sharing programs implemented to alleviate pollution from existing systems. The implementation of the Ontario EPA Regulation 358 and the Clean Up Rural Beaches (CURB) programs was assessed for effectiveness in controlling water pollution from septic systems. Three townships in Middlesex County were selected as the case study area: Biddulph, London and West Nissouri. Data were acquired from permits, applications, interviews with relevant government officials, and information used to create a series of GIS maps. The programs were evaluated based on the criteria of equity, efficiency, level of risk, performance, and consistency. Results indicate the need for regulatory controls as the primary means of ensuring the proper installation and repair of septic systems, and the need for cost-sharing incentives to remediate contamination from existing systems. Both programs functioned efficiently, provided an equitable process, addressed the high level of risk, and were implemented in a consistent manner. However, the performance was inadequate in terms of controlling pollution from septic systems. Results revealed that there is a need for on-going monitoring and landowner education as well as an improved method for determining site suitability.