Effect of ten different biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid of obese and non-obese undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment

• Published in: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences Vol. 27; no. 5; p. 1722
• Main Authors: Alqerban, A, Asiri, S N, Alharbi, F, Almalki, A, Alqhtani, N, Alenazi, A, Robaian, A, Samran, A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy 01-03-2023
• Subjects: Adiponectin; Biomarkers - analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Leptin; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Obesity
• ISSN: 2284-0729
• DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31532

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ten proinflammatory cytokines in GCF of participants with raised body mass index (BMI) compared to non-obese subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
In the cross-sectional cohort, subjects were shortlisted through the purposive sampling method with the same age and gender and similar characteristics (cohort). For inclusion and exclusion, predefined criteria were followed. In all included participants obese and non-obese collection of GCF was made from mandibular canine to canine. Identification of inflammatory mediators (MPO and CRP) leptin, adiponectin, and resistin (pg/mL). Bone remodeling biomarkers RANKL (pg/mL) and tissue remodeling biomarkers MMP8, MMP9, TIMP1, and MMP8/TIMP1, MMP9/TIMP1 ratio were collected and blinded by the investigator. Normal distribution of data i.e., age, BMI, the flow rate of GCF, indices plaque and gingival, and uWMS were compared using a t-test. Non-normality biomarker data were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U-test. To assess the relationship between the concentration of GCF biomarkers and plaque and gingival indices Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used.
The total number of participants included was 44. In the obese and non-obese groups, the male/female ratio was the same i.e., (n=11 each). The mean age of participants in the obese group was (25.7±1.55 years), whereas the non-obese group was (26.1±1.29 years). In obese the mean BMI was (33.6±2.1 kg/m2) whereas in non-obese (22.9±1.9 kg/m2) (p<0.02). Among the levels of biomarkers adiponectin (p<0.006) and leptin (p<0.028) demonstrated a significant difference between obese and non-obese participants. Also, a significant difference was noted between obese and non-obese in tissue remodeling biomarker MMP9 (p<0.03).
A surge in the level of the biomarkers, i.e., MMP9, leptin, and adiponectin in the gingival crevicular fluid is found in obese undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.