An initiative to reduce the use of unnecessary medication in infants with bronchiolitis in primary care

• Published in: Anales de Pediatría Vol. 90; no. 1; pp. 19 - 25
• Main Authors: Montejo Fernández, Marta, Benito Manrique, Iñaki, Montiel Eguía, Arantza, Benito Fernández, Javier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Spanish
• Published: 01-01-2019
• ISSN: 2341-2879
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.02.016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVEAlthough evidence-based guidelines for acute bronchiolitis recommend primarily supportive care unnecessary treatments remain well documented. The objective of this study was to analyse a quality improvement initiative to reduce overuse of unnecessary treatments in infants with acute bronchiolitis in primary care settings. METHODTo determine the number of unnecessary treatments we reviewed the charts corresponding to infants aged <24 months of age diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis in two Primary Care areas during two bronchiolitis seasons [October-Mars of 2015-2016 (pre-intervention period) and 2016-2017 (post-intervention period)]. Between those seasons we distributed an evidence-based management protocol and developed interactive sessions with on-line data collection and feed-back. Outcomes were the rate of infants receiving salbutamol, steroids or antibiotics. RESULTSTwenty outpatient clinics contributed with 1,277 chart reviews (619 in the pre-intervention period and 658 in the post-intervention period). Overall, the use of any medication was reduced from 72.5% (95% CI, 68.8-75.9) to 52.1% (95% CI, 48.3-55.9) (p<0.01): salbutamol from 56.0% (95% CI, 52.1-59.9) to 38.3% (95% CI, 34.6-42.0) (p<0.01), corticosteroids from 23.7% (95% CI, 20.5-27.2) to 12.9% (95% CI, 10.5-15.7) (p<0.01) and antibiotics from 36.1% (95% CI; 32.5-40.0) to 29.6% (95% CI; 26.2-33.2) (p<0.05). The number of medications per patient decreased from a mean of 1.81 (SD: 0.86) to 1.62 (SD: 0.81) (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONSWe significantly decreased the use of unnecessary treatments in infants with acute bronchiolitis. This quality improvement initiative may be applied to the settings where the majority of infants with acute bronchiolitis are attended in western countries.