Weight-Drop Method for Inducing Closed Head Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury

• Published in: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) Vol. 2761; p. 569
• Main Authors: Saxena, Bhagawati, Bohra, Bhavna, Lad, Krishna A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 2024
• Subjects: Animals; Blast Injuries; Brain Injuries - etiology; Brain Injuries, Traumatic - complications; Brain Injuries, Traumatic - diagnosis; Brain Injuries, Traumatic - therapy; Craniotomy; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Rats; Blood-brain barrier; Diffuse axonal injury; Closed head injury; Brain edema; Traumatic brain injury (TBI); Weight-drop model; Motor dysfunction
• ISSN: 1940-6029
• DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_38

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the foremost causes of disability and death globally. Prerequisites for successful therapy of disabilities associated with TBI involved improved knowledge of the neurobiology of TBI, measurement of quantitative changes in recovery dynamics brought about by therapy, and the translation of quantitative methodologies and techniques that were successful in tracking recovery in preclinical models to human TBI. Frequently used animal models of TBI in research and development include controlled cortical impact, fluid percussion injury, blast injury, penetrating blast brain injury, and weight-drop impact acceleration models. Preclinical models of TBI benefit from controlled injury settings and the best prospects for biometric quantification of injury and therapy-induced gradual recovery from disabilities. Impact acceleration closed head TBI paradigm causes diffuse TBI (DTBI) without substantial focal brain lesions in rats. DTBI is linked to a significant rate of death, morbidity, and long-term disability. DTBI is difficult to diagnose at the time of hospitalization with imaging techniques making it challenging to take prompt therapeutic action. The weight-drop method without craniotomy is an impact acceleration closed head DTBI model that is used to induce mild/moderate diffuse brain injuries in rodents. Additionally, we have characterized neuropathological and neurobehavioral outcomes of the weight-drop model without craniotomy for inducing closed head DTBI of graded severity with a range of mass of weights (50-450 gm). This chapter also discusses techniques and protocols for measuring numerous functional disabilities and pathological changes in the brain brought on by DTBI.