Nine-year longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

• Published in: Anales de pediatría (Barcelona, Spain : 2003) Vol. 83; no. 1; pp. 40 - 46
• Main Authors: Golmayo Gaztelu, L, Ros Pérez, P, Alonso Blanco, M, Martín-Frías, M, Barrio Castellanos, R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Spain 01-07-2015
• Subjects: Adolescent; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Spain - epidemiology; Time Factors; Hypertension; Obesidad; Obesity; Hipertensión arterial; Diabetes tipo 1; Triglycerides; Cardiovascular diseases risk factors; Cholesterol HDL; Triglicéridos; Type 1 diabetes; Arteriosclerosis; Factores de riesgo cardiovascular; Atherosclerosis; Hemoglobina A1c; HDL-colesterol; Hemoglobin; Dyslipidaemia; Dislipidemias; Enfermedad cardiovascular
• ISSN: 1695-9531
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.07.011

To analyse the prevalence, evolution of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and their relationship with follow-up of metabolic control in pediatric patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM).
Longitudinal ambispective study including 75 children and adolescents with T1DM diagnosed from 1996 to 2003 and followed-up for nine years. Family history of CVRF was registered. Data from the second, sixth and ninth year after diagnosis were analysed.
Family history of CVRF was found in 46.6% of the patients. The prevalence of HbA1c>7.5% in the second, sixth and ninth year after diagnosis was 45.3%, 53.3% y 56%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (BMI>2SDS) in the three visits was 5.3%, 5.3% y 6.7%, respectively. Hypertension (BP>p90) was found in 14.6%, 8% and 13.3% of the patients in the three visits, respectively. Total cholesterol>200mg/dl: 25.3%, 13.3% and 16%; high density cholesterol lipoprotein< 40 mg/dl: 1.3%, 1.3% and 4%; low density cholesterol lipoprotein>100mg/dl: 38.6%, 34.6% and 38.6%; triglyceride>150 mg/dl: 0%, 1.3% and 2.6%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of TG/HDL-C ≥ 2 between the sixth and the ninth year after diagnosis (1.3% and 9.3%, P<.05). A persistent HbA1c ≥ 7.5% showed a statistically significant relationship to a 0.94 decrease in HDL-C z-score between the second and the sixth year, and a persistent HbA1c<7.5% was significantly associated with a 0.55 increase in HDL-C z-score (P=.015) in the same period.
A non-optimal metabolic control in first years of DM1 is associated with a decrease in HDL-C z-score. TG/HDL-C ratio could be an early marker of cardiovascular risk.