From vasospasm to early brain injury: new frontiers in subarachnoid haemorrhage research

• Published in: Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain) Vol. 28; no. 5; p. 309
• Main Authors: Muñoz-Guillén, N M, León-López, R, Túnez-Fiñana, I, Cano-Sánchez, A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Spanish
• Published: Spain 01-06-2013
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Brain - pathology; Disease Progression; Humans; Neuroimaging; Prognosis; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - complications; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - pathology; Treatment Outcome; Vasospasm, Intracranial - etiology; Vasospasm, Intracranial - pathology
• ISSN: 1578-1968
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.10.015

Delayed vasospasm has traditionally been considered the most important determinant of poor outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Consequently, most of the research and therapies are directed towards reducing the incidence of vasospasm (VSP). To date, however, clinical trials based on this strategy have not delivered a definitive treatment for preventing or reducing brain injury after SAH. This fact has caused a paradigm shift in research, which now focuses on early brain injury (EBI) occurring in the first 72 hours after SAH. It has also changed the idea of VSP's role in brain damage, and suggests the need for re-evaluating the pathophysiological process of SAH.
This review examines the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with EBI and summarises the diagnostic options currently available.
It seems that the research approach needs to be changed so that investigators will focus on prevention of EBI, reduction of secondary brain complications and ultimately, the optimisation neurological outcome.