Cores in infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) seen in the Hi-GAL survey between l= 300° and 330

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 422; no. 2; pp. 1071 - 1082
• Main Authors: Wilcock, L. A., Ward-Thompson, D., Kirk, J. M., Stamatellos, D., Whitworth, A., Elia, D., Fuller, G. A., DiGiorgio, A., Griffin, M. J., Molinari, S., Martin, P., Mottram, J. C., Peretto, N., Pestalozzi, M., Schisano, E., Plume, R., Smith, H. A., Thompson, M. A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-05-2012; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Astronomy; Infrared imaging systems; Star & galaxy formation; Stars & galaxies; stars: formation; stars: formation
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20680.x

We have used data taken as part of the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane survey (Hi-GAL) to study 3171 infrared dark cloud (IRDC) candidates that were identified in the mid-IR (8 μm) by Spitzer (we refer to these as 'Spitzer-dark' regions). They all lie in the range l= 300-330° and |b|≤ 1°. Of these, only 1205 were seen in emission in the far-IR (250-500 μm) by Herschel (we call these 'Herschel-bright' clouds). It is predicted that a dense cloud will not only be seen in absorption in the mid-IR, but will also be seen in emission in the far-IR at the longest Herschel wavebands (250-500 μm). If a region is dark at all wavelengths throughout the mid-IR and far-IR, then it is most likely to be simply a region of lower background IR emission (a 'hole in the sky'). Hence, it appears that previous surveys, based on Spitzer and other mid-IR data alone, may have overestimated the total IRDC population by a factor of ∼2. This has implications for estimates of the star formation rate in IRDCs in the Galaxy. We studied the 1205 Herschel-bright IRDCs at 250 μm and found that 972 of them had at least one clearly defined 250-μm peak, indicating that they contained one or more dense cores. Of these, 653 (67 per cent) contained an 8-μm point source somewhere within the cloud, 149 (15 per cent) contained a 24-μm point source but no 8-μm source and 170 (18 per cent) contained no 24- or 8-μm point sources. We use these statistics to make inferences about the lifetimes of the various evolutionary stages of IRDCs.