Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensates in Respiratory Clinical Fields

• Published in: Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases Vol. 87; no. 1; pp. 65 - 79
• Main Authors: Yong Jun Choi, Min Jae Lee, Min Kwang Byun, Sangho Park, Jimyung Park, Dongil Park, Sang-hoon Kim, Youngsam Kim, Seong Yong Lim, Kwang Ha Yoo, Ki Suck Jung, Hye Jung Park
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 01-01-2024
• Subjects: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Eosinophils; Exhaled Condensates; Lung Function Test; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Lung Function Test; Exhaled Condensates; Eosinophils
• ISSN: 1738-3536; 2005-6184

Background: Exhaled condensates contain inflammatory biomarkers; however, their roles in the clinical field have been under-investigated.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled subjects admitted to pulmonology clinics. We collected exhaled breath condensates (EBC) and analysed the levels of six and 12 biomarkers using conventional and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.
Results: Among the 123 subjects, healthy controls constituted the largest group (81 participants; 65.9%), followed by the preserved ratio impaired spirometry group (21 patients; 17.1%) and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) group (21 patients; 17.1%). In COPD patients, platelet derived growth factor-AA exhibited strong positive correlations with COPD assessment test (ρ=0.5926, p=0.0423) and COPD-specific version of St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) score (total, ρ=0.6725, p=0.0166; activity, ρ=0.7176, p=0.0086; and impacts, ρ=0.6151, p=0.0333). Granzyme B showed strong positive correlations with SGRQ-C score (symptoms, ρ=0.6078, p=0.0360; and impacts, ρ=0.6007, p=0.0389). Interleukin 6 exhibited a strong positive correlation with SGRQ-C score (activity, ρ=0.4671, p=0.0378). The absolute serum eosinophil and basophil counts showed positive correlations with pro-collagen I alpha 1 (ρ=0.6735, p=0.0164 and ρ=0.6295, p=0.0283, respectively). In healthy subjects, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 )/forced vital capacity demonstrated significant correlation with CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (ρ=0.3897 and p=0.0068). FEV 1 exhibited significant correlation with CCL11/eotaxin (ρ=0.4445 and p=0.0017).
Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers in EBC might be useful to predict quality of life concerning respiratory symptoms and serologic markers. Further studies are needed.