Inspiratory muscle training enhances pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise tolerance in humans

• Published in: Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 109; no. 2; pp. 457 - 468
• Main Authors: BAILEY, Stephen J, ROMER, Lee M, KELLY, James, WILKERSON, Daryl P, DIMENNA, Fred J, JONES, Andrew M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Physiological Society 01-08-2010
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Physical exercise; Human; Physical training; Respiratory disease; slow component; Intensity; Lung; Tolerance; Oxygen consumption; Fatigue; Striated muscle; Respiratory system; Vertebrata; inspiratory muscle fatigue; Dyspnea; Mammalia; exercise performance; Vo; Kinetics; Pulmonary ventilation; Respiration; Performance
• ISSN: 8750-7587; 1522-1601; 1522-1601
• DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00077.2010

Fatigue of the respiratory muscles during intense exercise might compromise leg blood flow, thereby constraining oxygen uptake (VO2) and limiting exercise tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) would reduce inspiratory muscle fatigue, speed VO2 kinetics and enhance exercise tolerance. Sixteen recreationally active subjects (mean c SD, age 22 c 4 yr) were randomly assigned to receive 4 wk of either pressure threshold IMT [30 breaths twice daily at 650% of maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)] or sham treatment (60 breaths once daily at 615% of MIP). The subjects completed moderate-, severe- and maximal-intensity "step" exercise transitions on a cycle ergometer before (Pre) and after (Post) the 4-wk intervention period for determination of VO2 kinetics and exercise tolerance. There were no significant changes in the physiological variables of interest after Sham. After IMT, baseline MIP was significantly increased (Pre vs. Post: 155 c 22 vs. 181 c 21 cmH2O; P < 0.001), and the degree of inspiratory muscle fatigue was reduced after severe- and maximal-intensity exercise. During severe exercise, the VO2 slow component was reduced (Pre vs. Post: 0.60 c 0.20 vs. 0.53 c 0.24 l/min; P < 0.05) and exercise tolerance was enhanced (Pre vs. Post: 765 c 249 vs. 1,061 c 304 s; P < 0.01). Similarly, during maximal exercise, the VO2 slow component was reduced (Pre vs. Post: 0.28 c 0.14 vs. 0.18 c 0.07 l/min; P < 0.05) and exercise tolerance was enhanced (Pre vs. Post: 177 c 24 vs. 208 c 37 s; P < 0.01). Four weeks of IMT, which reduced inspiratory muscle fatigue, resulted in a reduced VO2 slow-component amplitude and an improved exercise tolerance during severe- and maximal-intensity exercise. The results indicate that the enhanced exercise tolerance observed after IMT might be related, at least in part, to improved VO2 dynamics, presumably as a consequence of increased blood flow to the exercising limbs.