The effects of diallyl sulfide upon Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulated proinflammatory cytokine expressions and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human gingival fibroblasts

• Published in: Journal of periodontal research Vol. 50; no. 3; pp. 380 - 388
• Main Authors: Fu, E., Tsai, M.-C., Chin, Y.-T., Tu, H.-P., Fu, M. M., Chiang, C.-Y., Chiu, H.-C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-06-2015
• Subjects: Allyl Compounds - pharmacology; Allyl Compounds - toxicity; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Coloring Agents; cytokine; Cytokines - drug effects; Dentistry; diallyl sulfide; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Garlic; gingiva; Gingiva - cytology; Gingiva - drug effects; Humans; Inflammation Mediators - analysis; Interleukin-1beta - drug effects; Interleukin-6 - analysis; lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity; NF-kappa B - drug effects; nuclear factor-kappa B; Plant Oils - pharmacology; Plant Oils - toxicity; Porphyromonas gingivalis - physiology; Sulfides - pharmacology; Sulfides - toxicity; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - drug effects; cytokine; nuclear factor-kappa B; gingiva; lipopolysaccharide; diallyl sulfide
• ISSN: 0022-3484; 1600-0765
• DOI: 10.1111/jre.12217

Background and Objective
Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a flavor compound from garlic, has varied potential therapeutic activities. Periodontitis is a disease that develops because of host‐mediated inflammation to periodontal pathogens. In this study, the effects of DAS on the common proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) being stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis, a potent periodontal pathogen, were evaluated.
Material and Methods
Cytotoxicities of DAS and lipopolysaccharide on HGFs were measured with MTS assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, from the HGFs treated with lipopolysaccharide with and without DAS were examined with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, respectively. In addition, the activation and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB with and without DAS were compared.
Results
DAS and lipopolysaccharide treatments within 3 mm and 10 μg/mL, respectively, did not affect the survival rate of HGFs. Lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL) significantly increased the mRNA expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α; however, DAS (1 mm) inhibited these expressions. The protein expressions of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, as well as the NF‐κB nuclear translocation were increased after lipopolysaccharide treatment, but decreased when there was a DAS pretreatment.
Conclusion
DAS diminished P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated cytokine expression and NF‐κB activation in HGFs; we therefore suggest DAS may be beneficial on periodontal inflammation.