Deep alkali burns: Evaluation of a two-step surgical strategy

• Published in: Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique Vol. 63; no. 3; pp. 191 - 196
• Main Authors: Devinck, F, Deveaux, C, Bennis, Y, Deken-Delannoy, V, Jeanne, M, Martinot-Duquennoy, V, Guerreschi, P, Pasquesoone, L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; French
• Published: France 01-06-2018
• Series: Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique
• Subjects: Adult; Alkalies - adverse effects; Burns, Chemical - etiology; Burns, Chemical - pathology; Burns, Chemical - surgery; Female; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Life Sciences; Male; Retrospective Studies; Skin - injuries; Skin Transplantation - methods; Time Factors; Cement; Greffe de peau; Soude caustique; Brûlures par base; Ciment; Agent basique; Burns; Caustics; Skin graft
• ISSN: 1768-319X; 1768-319X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2018.03.008

Chemical burns are rare but often lead to deep cutaneous lesions. Alkali agents have a deep and long lasting penetrating power, causing burns that evolve over several days. The local treatment for these patients is excision of the wound and split thickness skin graft. Early excision and immediate skin grafting of alkali burns are more likely to be complicated by graft failure and delayed wound healing. We propose a two-step method that delays skin grafting until two-three days after burn wound excision.
Our population included 25 controls and 16 cases. Men were predominant with a mean age of 41.9 years. In 78% of cases, burns were located on the lower limbs. The mean delay between the burn and excision was 16.5 days. In cases, the skin graft was performed at a mean of 11.3 days after the initial excision. We did not unveil any significant difference between both groups for the total skin surface affected, topography of the burns and the causal agent. Wound healing was significantly shorter in cases vs controls (37.5 days vs 50.3 days; P<0.025). Furthermore, we observed a decreased number of graft failures in cases vs controls (13.3% vs 46.7%; P=0.059).
Our study shows the relevance of a two-step surgical strategy in patients with alkali chemical burns. Early excision followed by interval skin grafting is associated with quicker wound healing and decreased rate of graft failure.