Sociodemographic, clinical and nutritional profile of patients with pressure injury /Perfil sociodemografico, clinico e nutricional de pacientes com lesao por pressao

• Published in: Demetra: Alimentação, Nutrição e Saúde Vol. 19; p. 1
• Main Authors: dos Santos, Thais Manuella Moraes, de Souza Escoteiro, Fernanda Kessia Rodrigues, da Silva, Gabriella Maria Macedo Ramos, da Silva Santos, Andresa Mayara, de Araujo Burgos, Maria Goretti Pessoa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro- Uerj 01-01-2024
• Subjects: Brasil
• ISSN: 2238-913X; 2238-913X
• DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2024.73620

Introduction: Inadequate nutritional status has been increasingly linked to the incidence and frequency of pressure injuries, given its pivotal role in the wound healing process. Extreme conditions, such as malnutrition and obesity amplify the risk of injury development. Objective: In this perspective, our study aimed to assess the sociodemographic, clinical, and nutritional characteristics of patients with pressure injuries. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study, conducted between February to September 2022, including hospitalized patients. Data collection encompassed medical records review and direct interviews with patients/caregivers. Several sociodemographic, clinical, nutritional, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Thirty-seven patients with mean age of 65 years were included. They were mostly admitted to medical clinic wards. Results: Nutritional risk, as assessed by the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002, was found in 81.1%; meanwhile. 27% were classified as overweight, while 24.3% as underweight, based on body mass index. 56.7% exhibited malnutrition based on arm circumference (AC), 94.6% had anemia, and 86.5% hypoalbuminemia. In terms of nutritional intervention, 45.9% were undergoing oral nutritional therapy. The sacral region was the most frequent site of injuries (81 %), with 64.8% classified as stage 2. Conclusion: Elevated nutritional risk was detected, with measurements of circumferences suggestive of muscle depletionand oral nutritional supplements was the first treatment choice in nutrition therapy. Our study underscores the importance of formulating comprehensive care plans, and implementing monitoring protocols for such patients within the hospital setting. Keywords: Nutritional risk. Nutritional status. Pressure injuries. Nutritional therapy. Introducao: O estado nutricional inadequado vem sendo relacionado com a incidencia e frequencia de lesao por pressao, uma vez que desempenha papel fundamental no processo de cicatrizacao. Condicoes extremas, como a desnutricao e a obesidade, potencializam o risco de desenvolvimento de lesao. Objetivo: Nesta perspectiva, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil sociodemografico, clinico e nutricional de pacientes com lesao por pressao. Metodo: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, do tipo observacional, realizado entre fevereiro e setembro de 2022, com pacientes hospitalizados. Os dados foram coletados atraves de prontuarios e entrevista direta a pacientes/acompanhantes. Foram analisadas variaveis sociodemograficas, clinicas, nutricionais e bioquimicas. Foram avaliados 37 pacientes, com media de idade de 65 anos, admitidos principalmente nas enfermarias de clinicas medicas. Resultados: O risco nutricional pela Nutritional Risk Screening - 2002 foi de 81,1%; 27% apresentavam excesso de peso e 24,3% magreza, segundo o Indice de Massa Corporal; 56,7% com desnutricao pela circunferencia do braco (CB); 94,6% com anemia e hipoalbuminemia em 86,5%. Quanto a terapia nutricional, 45,9% estavam com terapia nutricional oral. A regiao sacral foi a mais acometida por lesoes (81%) e 64,8% no estagio 2. Conclusao: Detectou-se elevado risco nutricional. As medidas das circunferencias foram sugestivas de deplecao muscular e a terapia nutricional mais frequente foi a oral. O estudo fortalece a importancia do plano de cuidado e monitorizacao nutricional destes pacientes no ambiente hospitalar. Palavras-chave: Risco nutricional. Estado nutricional. Lesao por pressao. Terapia nutricional