Vegetative propagation of pequi by cutting/ Propagacao vegetativa do pequizeiro por estaquia

• Published in: Ciência rural Vol. 49; no. 2
• Main Authors: Guimaraes, Ricardo Neves, de Souza, Eli Regina Barboza, Naves, Ronaldo Veloso, de Melo, Aniela Pilar Campos, Neto, Aurelio Rubio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 01-02-2019
• Subjects: Brasil
• ISSN: 0103-8478
• DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20180579

Pequi is propagated mainly by the seminal pathway (seminal route) and presents an uneven and reduced germination. The increasing demand for fruits and seedlings for reforestation indicate the need for new strategies for the propagation of this species which would minimize the negative impact of predatory extractivism on Caryocar brasiliense. The present study aimed to assist the development of a protocol for the cutting of the pequi tree (pequizeiro). Different ages of the matrix plant and levels of foliation and pruning were assessed through the collection (sampling) of cuttings (stakes) from plants in the field. It was noted that cuttings (stakes) from seedlings (young plants) have greater rooting capacity when compared to cuttings derived from adult plants. Pequi leafless stakes failed to root. In contrast, stakes with 50% of leaflets cut from their original size showed 2.5% of rooting whereas those with 6 leaflets showed 22.5% of rooting. Stakes from pruned apical branches exhibited 21.2% of rooting. Both callogenesis and rooting of pequi stakes demonstrated the potential of this particular species from the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) for cutting. Key words: pequi fruit (souari nut) (Caryocar brasiliense), native fructiferous species of the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna), asexual propagation. O pequizeiro e propagado predominantemente por via seminal apresentando germinacao desuniforme e reduzida. A crescente demanda por frutos e mudas para reflorestamento indicam a necessidade de no-vas estrategias para a propagacao desta especie, minimizando os impactos do extrativismo predatorio. Objetivou-se com este estudo auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um protocolo para estaquia do pequizeiro, avaliando diferentes idades da planta matriz, niveis de enfolhamento e podas, por meio de coleta de estacas em plantas a campo. Verificou-se que estacas oriundas de plantas jovens possuem maior capacidade de enraizamento, quando comparada as estacas derivadas de plantas adultas. Estacas de pequizeiro sem folhas nao enraizaram, embora estacas com 50% de foliolos cortados do seu tamanho original apresentaram 2,5% de enraizamento e com seis foliolos 22,5%. Estacas oriundas de ramos apicais podados exibiram 21,2% de enraizamento. A calogenese e o enraizamento de estacas de pequi demonstram o potencial desta especie do Cerrado para estaquia. Palavras-chave: cerrado, frutifera nativa, propagacao assexuada.