Short Chain Fatty Acids Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling IStaphylococcus aureus/I-Mediated Mastitis

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 18
• Main Authors: Akhtar, Muhammad, Naqvi, Syed Umair-Ali-Shah, Liu, Qiyao, Pan, Hong, Ma, Ziyu, Kong, Na, Chen, Yan, Shi, Deshi, Kulyar, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam, Khan, Jawaria Ali, Liu, Huazhen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 01-09-2022
• Subjects: Cattle; Causes of; Complications and side effects; Dairy cattle; Dairy industry; Diet therapy; Dietary supplements; Disease susceptibility; Diseases; Fatty acids; Health aspects; Mastitis; Metabolites; Methicillin; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Physiological aspects; Prevention; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus infections; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; China
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14183687

Mastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive global economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been reported as the most common bacterial pathogen of mastitis at clinical and sub-clinical levels. Antibiotics, including penicillin, macrolides, lincomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and methicillin, were used to cure S. aureus-induced mastitis. However, S. aureus is resistant to most antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) especially has emerged as a critical health concern. MRSA impairs immune homeostasis leaving the host more susceptible to other infections. Thus, exploring an alternative to antibiotics has become an immediate requirement of the current decade. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potent bioactive metabolites produced by host gut microbiota through fermentation and play a crucial role in host/pathogen interaction and could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent against mastitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism by which SCFAs alleviate mastitis, providing the theoretical reference for the usage of SCFAs in preventing or curing mastitis.