Chemotaxonomy of Trichoderma spp. Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Profiling

• Published in: Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 5 - 13
• Main Authors: Kang, D.J., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Kim, J.Y., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Choi, J.N., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Liu, K.H., Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea, Lee, C.H., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Seoul Korean Society for Applied Microbiology 01-01-2011; 한국미생물·생명공학회
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Biological Factors - analysis; Biological Factors - metabolism; Biotechnology; CHEMOTAXONOMY; CHIMIOTAXONOMIE; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; DNA, Fungal - genetics; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; metabolomics; Metabolomics - methods; METHODE STATISTIQUE; METODOS ESTADISTICOS; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; QUIMIOTAXONOMIA; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - methods; STATISTICAL METHODS; TRICHODERMA; Trichoderma - chemistry; Trichoderma - classification; Trichoderma - genetics; Trichoderma - metabolism; 생물학; Fungi; Metabolomics; Trichoderma; Taxonomy; Metabolite; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Chemotaxonomy; Liquid chromatography; Fungi Imperfecti; Multivariate analysis; Mass spectrometry
• ISSN: 1017-7825; 1738-8872
• DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1008.08018

In this study, seven Trichoderma species (33 strains) were classified using secondary metabolite profile-based chemotaxonomy. Secondary metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and multivariate statistical methods. T. longibrachiatum and T. virens were independently clustered based on both internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and secondary metabolite analyses. T. harzianum formed three subclusters in the ITS-based phylogenetic tree and two subclusters in the metabolite-based dendrogram. In contrast, T. koningii and T. atroviride strains were mixed in one cluster in the phylogenetic tree, whereas T. koningii was grouped in a different subcluster from T. atroviride and T. hamatum in the chemotaxonomic tree. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to determine which metabolites were responsible for the clustering patterns observed for the different Trichoderma strains. The metabolites were hetelidic acid, sorbicillinol, trichodermanone C, giocladic acid, bisorbicillinol, and three unidentified compounds in the comparison of T. virens and T. longibrachiatum; harzianic acid, demethylharzianic acid, homoharzianic acid, and three unidentified compounds in T. harzianum Ⅰ and Ⅱ; and koninginin B, E, and D, and six unidentified compounds in T. koningii and T. atroviride. The results of this study demonstrate that secondary metabolite profiling-based chemotaxonomy has distinct advantages relative to ITS-based classification, since it identified new Trichoderma clusters that were not found using the latter approach.