Influence of supplemental cracked high-linoleate or high-oleate safflower seeds on site and extent of digestion in beef cattle

• Published in: Journal of animal science Vol. 82; no. 12; pp. 3577 - 3588
• Main Authors: Scholljegerdes, E.J, Hess, B.W, Moss, G.E, Hixon, D.L, Rule, D.C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Savoy, IL Am Soc Animal Sci 01-12-2004; American Society of Animal Science
• Subjects: Angus; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animal productions; Animals; beef cattle; biohydrogenation; Biological and medical sciences; Bromus; Carthamus tinctorius - chemistry; Cattle; cattle feeding; corn; crossbreds; dietary fat; dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - metabolism; Digestion - drug effects; Digestion - physiology; duodenum; Fatty Acids, Volatile; feed supplements; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gelbvieh; hay; heifers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; linoleic acid; Linoleic Acid - administration & dosage; Linoleic Acid - pharmacology; Nitrogen - metabolism; nitrogen content; oleic acid; Oleic Acid - administration & dosage; Oleic Acid - pharmacology; organic matter; Rumen - metabolism; rumen fermentation; safflower seed; Seeds - chemistry; soybean meal; Terrestrial animal productions; Vertebrates; Safflower seed; Safflower; Oilseed; Lipids; Digestion; Fatty acids; Feeding; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Beef cattle; Influence; Artiodactyla; Supplementation; Ungulata
• ISSN: 0021-8812; 1525-3163
• DOI: 10.2527/2004.82123577x

Our objectives were to evaluate ruminal fermentation patterns, apparent ruminal biohydrogenation, and site and extent of nutrient disappearance in cattle fed supplemental cracked safflower seeds differing in 18 C fatty acid profile. Nine Angus x Gelbvieh heifers (641 +/- 9.6 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a triplicated 3 x 3 Latin square. Cattle were fed (OM basis) 9.1 kg of bromegrass hay and either 1) 1.8 kg of corn and 0.20 kg of soybean meal (Control); 2) 0.13 kg of soybean meal and 1.5 kg of cracked high-linoleate (67.2% 18:2) safflower seeds (Linoleate); or 3) 1.5 kg of cracked high-oleate (72.7% 18:1) safflower seeds (Oleate). Safflower seed supplements were formulated to provide similar quantities of N and TDN and 5% dietary fat. Single degree of freedom orthogonal contrasts (Control vs. Linoleate and Oleate; Linoleate vs. Oleate) were used to evaluate treatment effects. True ruminal OM and ruminal NDF disappearances (percentage of intake) were greater (P less than or equal to 0.02) for Control than Linoleate and Oleate. True ruminal N degradability (% of intake) was not different (P = 0.38) among treatments. Apparent ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary 18:2 was greatest (Linoleate vs. Oleate, P < 0.001) for Linoleate, whereas biohydrogenation of dietary 18:1 was greatest (Linoleate vs. Oleate, P = 0.02) for Oleate. Duodenal flow of 18:0 was least (P < 0.001) for Control but did not differ (P = 0.92) between Oleate and Linoleate. Total flow of unsaturated fatty acid to the duodenum was greatest (P < 0.001) in cattle fed safflower seeds, and was greater with Linoleate (P < 0.001) than with Oleate. Duodenal flow of 18:1 and 18:2 increased (P < 0.001) in Oleate and Linoleate, respectively. Duodenal flow of 18:1trans-11 was greater (P < 0.001) in cattle fed safflower seeds and in Linoleate than in Oleate. Postruminal disappearance of saturated fatty acids was greatest (P < 0.001) for Control; however, postruminal disappearance of total unsaturated fatty acids was greater (P = 0.002) for Linoleate vs. Oleate. Supplemental high-linoleate or high-oleate safflower seeds to cattle fed forage-based diets may negatively affect ruminal OM and fiber disappearance but not N disappearance. Provision of supplemental fat in the form of safflower seeds that are high in linoleic acid increased intestinal supply and postruminal disappearance of unsaturated fatty acids, indicating that the fatty acids apparently available for metabolism are affected by dietary fat source.