Sleep disturbances and incident risk of major depressive disorder in a population-based cohort

• Published in: Psychiatry research Vol. 338; p. 115934
• Main Authors: Solelhac, Geoffroy, Imler, Théo, Strippoli, Marie-Pierre F., Marchi, Nicola Andrea, Berger, Mathieu, Haba-Rubio, Jose, Raffray, Tifenn, Bayon, Virginie, Lombardi, Anne Sophie, Ranjbar, Setareh, Siclari, Francesca, Vollenweider, Peter, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Geoffroy, Pierre-Alexis, Léger, Damien, Stephan, Aurélie, Preisig, Martin, Heinzer, Raphaël
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-08-2024
• Subjects: Adult; Cohort Studies; Delta power; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology; Electroencephalogram; Female; Humans; Hypersomnia; Incidence; Insomnia; Major depressive disorder; Male; MDD; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Proportional Hazards Models; Rapid eye movements; REM sleep; Risk Factors; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - epidemiology; Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology; Sleepiness; Slow wave sleep; Surveys and Questionnaires; Hypersomnia; Electroencephalogram; Depression; Delta power; Polysomnography; MDD; Slow wave sleep; Major depressive disorder; REM sleep; Sleep; Insomnia; Rapid eye movements; Sleepiness
• ISSN: 0165-1781; 1872-7123; 1872-7123
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115934

•Higher NREM delta power values were associated with a lower incidence of MDD in women.•Elevated REM density values were associated with MDD in men.•Subjective sleep features like insomnia and sleepiness were associated with an increased risk of developing MDD.
Sleep disturbances are well-known symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the prospective risk of MDD in the presence of sleep disturbances in a general population-based cohort is not well known. This study investigated associations between both polysomnography (PSG)-based or subjective sleep features and incident MDD. Participants representative of the general population who had never had MDD completed sleep questionnaires (n = 2000) and/or underwent PSG (n = 717). Over 8 years’ follow-up, participants completed psychiatric interviews enabling the diagnosis of MDD. Survival Cox models were used to analyze associations between sleep features and MDD incidence. A higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale and presence of insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with a higher incidence of MDD (hazard ratio [HR] [95 % confidence interval (CI)]: 1.062 [1.022–1.103], p = 0.002 and 1.437 [1.064–1.940], p = 0.018, respectively). Higher density of rapid eye movements in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was associated with a higher incidence of MDD in men (HR 1.270 [95 % CI 1.064–1.516], p = 0.008). In women, higher delta power spectral density was associated with a lower MDD incidence (HR 0.674 [95 % CI 0.463–0.981], p = 0.039). This study confirmed the associations between subjective and objective sleep features and the incidence of MDD in a large community dwelling cohort.
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