Search for poliovirus carriers among people with primary immune deficiency diseases in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom

• Published in: Bulletin of the World Health Organization Vol. 82; no. 1; pp. 3 - 8
• Main Authors: HALSEY, Neal A, PINTO, Jorge, HUSSAIN, Hamidah, PALLANSCH, Mark A, KEW, Olen M, WINKGLSTEIN, Jerry, SUTTER, Roland, ESPINOSA-ROSALES, Francisco, FAURE-FONTENLA, Maria A, DA SILVA, Edson, KHAN, Aamir J, WEBSTER, A. D. B, MINOR, Philip, DUNN, Glynis, ASTURIAS, Edwin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Genève Organisation mondiale de la santé 2004; World Health Organization; The World Health Organization
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Agammaglobulinemia; Agammaglobulinemia - complications; Aged; Binomial distribution; Biological and medical sciences; Brazil; Carrier state; Carrier State - diagnosis; Carriers; Child; Child, Preschool; Common variable immunodeficiency; Common Variable Immunodeficiency - complications; Confidence Intervals; Consent; Crossnational studies; Families & family life; Feces - virology; Female; Guardians; Health Policy & Services; Human viral diseases; Humans; IgA deficiency; IgA Deficiency - complications; IgG deficiency; IgG Deficiency - complications; Immune disorders; Immune system; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes - complications; Immunology; Infant; Infectious diseases; Male; Medical laboratories; Medical sciences; Mexico; Middle Aged; Patients; Poliomyelitis; Poliomyelitis - diagnosis; Poliomyelitis - transmission; Poliomyelitis/chemically induced; Poliovirus; Poliovirus - isolation & purification; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral - adverse effects; Poliovirus/isolation and purification; Population; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Review boards; United Kingdom; United States; Vaccines; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the nervous system; Virus Shedding; Viruses; South America; Central America; United States; Europe; America; Brazil; Mexico; United Kingdom; North America; USA; British Isles; Human; Immunopathology; Opportunistic infection; Nervous system diseases; Prevalence; Disease; Picornaviridae; Risk; Enterovirus; Acute anterior poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Epidemiology; Immune deficiency; Contamination; Infection; Virus; Association; Viral disease; Tropical medicine; Carrier; Transmission from man to man; Public health; Common variable immunodeficiency; United States; Deficiencia de IgA; IgG, Déficit; Immunodéficit commun variable; IgG deficiency; Brasil; Poliomyelitis; Poliomyélite antérieure aiguë; Brazil; IGA, Déficit; Vaccin antipoliomyélitique Sabin; Mexique; Vacuna antipolio oral; Poliomielitis; Agammaglobulinémie; IgA deficiency; Agammaglobulinemia; Royaume-Uni; México; United Kingdom; Estados Unidos; Brésil; Etats-Unis; Portador; Reino Unido; Inmunodeficiencia variable común; Carrier state; Deficiencia de IgG; Porteur germes; Mexico; Poliovirus vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus humain
• ISSN: 0042-9686; 1564-0604
• DOI: 10.1590/S0042-96862004000100004

To estimate the rate of long-term poliovirus excretors in people known to have B-cell immune deficiency disorders.
An active search for chronic excretors was conducted among 306 persons known to have immunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, and 40 people with IgA deficiency in the United States. Written informed consent or assent was obtained from the participants or their legal guardians, and the studies were formally approved. Stool samples were collected from participants and cultured for polioviruses. Calculation of the confidence interval for the proportion of participants with persistent poliovirus excretion was based on the binomial distribution.
No individuals with long-term excretion of polioviruses were identified. Most participants had received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and almost all had been exposed to household contacts who had received OPV. Polioviruses of recent vaccine origin were transiently found in four individuals in Mexico and Brazil, where OPV is recommended for all children.
Although chronic poliovirus excretion can occur in immunodeficient persons, it appears to be rare.