Bovine Placentome-Derived Extracellular Matrix: A Sustainable 3D Scaffold for Cultivated Meat

• Published in: Bioengineering (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 8; p. 854
• Main Authors: Bektas, Cemile, Lee, Kathleen, Jackson, Anisha, Bhatia, Mohit, Mao, Yong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-08-2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Agricultural engineering; Biocompatibility; Biological products; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Cattle; Cell differentiation; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Cellular structure; Collagen; Crosslinked polymers; Crosslinking; cultivated meat; Cultivation; Cultured meat; dehydrothermal crosslinking (DHT); Differentiation; Emissions; Environmental engineering; Ethics; Extracellular matrix; Greenhouse gases; International economic relations; Meat; Meat production; Meat products; Microenvironments; Muscles; Myoblasts; Myocytes; Placenta; Plant cells; Satellite cells; Scaffolds; Scientific equipment and supplies industry; Stem cells; Tissue engineering; United States; United States > US; dehydrothermal crosslinking (DHT); collagen; cultivated meat; tissue engineering; scaffolds; extracellular matrix
• ISSN: 2306-5354; 2306-5354
• DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080854

Cultivated meat, an advancement in cellular agriculture, holds promise in addressing environmental, ethical, and health challenges associated with traditional meat production. Utilizing tissue engineering principles, cultivated meat production employs biomaterials and technologies to create cell-based structures by introducing cells into a biocompatible scaffold, mimicking tissue organization. Among the cell sources used for producing muscle-like tissue for cultivated meats, primary adult stem cells like muscle satellite cells exhibit robust capabilities for proliferation and differentiation into myocytes, presenting a promising avenue for cultivated meat production. Evolutionarily optimized for growth in a 3D microenvironment, these cells benefit from the biochemical and biophysical cues provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulating cell organization, interactions, and behavior. While plant protein-based scaffolds have been explored for their utilization for cultivated meat, they lack the biological cues for animal cells unless functionalized. Conversely, a decellularized bovine placental tissue ECM, processed from discarded birth tissue, achieves the biological functionalities of animal tissue ECM without harming animals. In this study, collagen and total ECM were prepared from decellularized bovine placental tissues. The collagen content was determined to be approximately 70% and 40% in isolated collagen and ECM, respectively. The resulting porous scaffolds, crosslinked through a dehydrothermal (DHT) crosslinking method without chemical crosslinking agents, supported the growth of bovine myoblasts. ECM scaffolds exhibited superior compatibility and stability compared to collagen scaffolds. In an attempt to make cultivate meat constructs, bovine myoblasts were cultured in steak-shaped ECM scaffolds for about 50 days. The resulting construct not only resembled muscle tissues but also displayed high cellularity with indications of myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the meat constructs were cookable and able to sustain the grilling/frying. Our study is the first to utilize a unique bovine placentome-derived ECM scaffold to create a muscle tissue-like meat construct, demonstrating a promising and sustainable option for cultivated meat production.