Yield Performance and Quality Assessment of Brazilian Hybrid Grapes Influenced by Rootstocks and Training Systems

• Published in: Horticulturae Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 909
• Main Authors: Domingues Neto, Francisco José, Tecchio, Marco Antonio, Borges, Cristine Vanz, Rodrigues, João Domingos, Ono, Elizabeth Orika, Lima, Giuseppina Pace Pereira, Moura, Mara Fernandes, Hernandes, José Luiz, Silva, Marcelo de Souza, Leonel, Magali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2024
• Subjects: anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Assimilation; Berries; Brazil; Chemical compounds; Chlorophyll; Climate change; Crop yield; Cultivars; Food quality; Fruit juices; Fruits; Gas exchange; Grapes; Grapevines; Humidity; juice and wine grapes; Performance evaluation; phenolic compounds; Phenolphthalein; Physiological aspects; Physiological effects; Physiology; Plant layout; Productivity; Quality assessment; Quality control; Quality management; Radiation; Rootstocks; Systems analysis; Training; trellis height; Vineyards; Viticulture; Water use; Wine industry; Wineries; Wineries & vineyards; Wines; yield and quality; Brazil
• ISSN: 2311-7524; 2311-7524
• DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10090909

The choice of training system impacts the architecture and physiological characteristics of grapevines, affecting grape production and quality. Continuous studies are necessary to optimize viticulture production in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rootstocks and different training systems on the production and quality of ‘IAC 138-22 Máximo’ and ‘BRS Violeta’ grapevines for juice and wine. The experiment was conducted over two productive cycles (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in an experimental vineyard at the Advanced Center for Fruit Research as part of the Agronomic Institute (IAC), in Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil (23°06′ S, 46°55′ W, and 745 m altitude). For each cultivar, a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme was used, with two rootstocks (‘IAC 766 Campinas’ and 106-8 ‘Mgt’) and two training systems (low and high trellises), with five blocks of three plants per experimental plot. In both cycles, the gas exchange and grapevine production, the chemical characteristics of the grape juice (must), and the chemical compounds in the berry skins were evaluated. The rootstocks and training systems influenced the variables evaluated in both cultivars, with the high trellis system providing the best results. This approach increased the photosynthetic rate, improved water-use efficiency, elevated grapevine production, and enhanced fruit quality. Therefore, its use is recommended for training grapevines. Regarding rootstocks, the best scion–rootstock affinity was found between hybrid grapevines and ‘IAC 766 Campinas’.