Achalasia

Achalasia is an incurable condition of the esophagus involving the inflammation and degeneration of inhibitory neurons of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resulting in failure of the LES to relax. Typical symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia, retrosternal chest pain, regurgitation, and weight los...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Surgical clinics of North America Vol. 105; no. 1; pp. 143 - 158
Main Authors:	Provenza, Christina G., Romanelli, John Robert
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Inc 01-02-2025
Subjects:	Achalasia Botulinum toxin injection Chicago classification Heller myotomy High-resolution esophageal manometry Pneumatic dilatation Chicago classification POEM Pneumatic dilatation Heller myotomy Achalasia Botulinum toxin injection High-resolution esophageal manometry
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Achalasia is an incurable condition of the esophagus involving the inflammation and degeneration of inhibitory neurons of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resulting in failure of the LES to relax. Typical symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia, retrosternal chest pain, regurgitation, and weight loss. Three studies are typically required for the diagnosis of achalasia: barium swallow, high-resolution esophageal manometry, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Differential diagnosis includes gastroesophageal reflux disease, pseudoachalasia, neoplasm, and nonachalasia esophageal motility disorders such as scleroderma, jackhammer esophagus, distal esophageal spasm, and nutcracker esophagus.
ISSN:	0039-6109
DOI:	10.1016/j.suc.2024.06.011