High-precision radiosurgical dose delivery by interlaced microbeam arrays of high-flux low-energy synchrotron X-rays

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 5; no. 2; p. e9028
• Main Authors: Serduc, Raphaël, Bräuer-Krisch, Elke, Siegbahn, Erik A, Bouchet, Audrey, Pouyatos, Benoit, Carron, Romain, Pannetier, Nicolas, Renaud, Luc, Berruyer, Gilles, Nemoz, Christian, Brochard, Thierry, Rémy, Chantal, Barbier, Emmanuel L, Bravin, Alberto, Le Duc, Géraldine, Depaulis, Antoine, Estève, François, Laissue, Jean A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 03-02-2010; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Animal cognition; Animal tissues; Animals; Beams (radiation); Behavior, Animal - radiation effects; Blood; Blood vessels; Brain; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; Brain - radiation effects; Brain cancer; Brain research; Brain tumors; Caudate nucleus; Computer simulation; Contrast media; Damage detection; Deposition; Dosimetry; Energy; Epilepsy; Experiments; Fractionation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism; Head; Human performance; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Irradiation; Life Sciences; Magnetic permeability; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Metastasis; Microbeams; Monte Carlo Method; Monte Carlo simulation; Neuroimaging; Neurons and Cognition; Neuroscience; Neurosciences; Neurosurgery; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oncology/Neuro-Oncology; Particle accelerators; Pathology; Pathology/Neuropathology; Permeability; Photons; Physics; Physics/Interdisciplinary Physics; Quantitative analysis; Radiation; Radiation damage; Radiation Dosage; Radiation effects; Radiation therapy; Radiology; Radiology and Medical Imaging/Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radioresistance; Radiosurgery; Radiosurgery - methods; Rats; Seizures; Spectrum analysis; Surgery; Synchrotrons; Therapeutic applications; Time Factors; Tissues; X-Rays; France; Australia; Melbourne Victoria Australia
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009028

Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) is a preclinical form of radiosurgery dedicated to brain tumor treatment. It uses micrometer-wide synchrotron-generated X-ray beams on the basis of spatial beam fractionation. Due to the radioresistance of normal brain vasculature to MRT, a continuous blood supply can be maintained which would in part explain the surprising tolerance of normal tissues to very high radiation doses (hundreds of Gy). Based on this well described normal tissue sparing effect of microplanar beams, we developed a new irradiation geometry which allows the delivery of a high uniform dose deposition at a given brain target whereas surrounding normal tissues are irradiated by well tolerated parallel microbeams only. Normal rat brains were exposed to 4 focally interlaced arrays of 10 microplanar beams (52 microm wide, spaced 200 microm on-center, 50 to 350 keV in energy range), targeted from 4 different ports, with a peak entrance dose of 200Gy each, to deliver an homogenous dose to a target volume of 7 mm(3) in the caudate nucleus. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of rats showed a highly localized increase in blood vessel permeability, starting 1 week after irradiation. Contrast agent diffusion was confined to the target volume and was still observed 1 month after irradiation, along with histopathological changes, including damaged blood vessels. No changes in vessel permeability were detected in the normal brain tissue surrounding the target. The interlacing radiation-induced reduction of spontaneous seizures of epileptic rats illustrated the potential pre-clinical applications of this new irradiation geometry. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations performed on a human-sized head phantom suggested that synchrotron photons can be used for human radiosurgical applications. Our data show that interlaced microbeam irradiation allows a high homogeneous dose deposition in a brain target and leads to a confined tissue necrosis while sparing surrounding tissues. The use of synchrotron-generated X-rays enables delivery of high doses for destruction of small focal regions in human brains, with sharper dose fall-offs than those described in any other conventional radiation therapy.