Lightweight Porcelain Stoneware by Engineered CeO 2 Addition

• Published in: Advanced engineering materials Vol. 12; no. 1-2; pp. 65 - 70
• Main Authors: Bernardo, Enrico, De Lazzari, Marco, Colombo, Paolo, Llaudis, Alejandro Saburit, Garcìa‐Ten, Francisco Javier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01-02-2010
• ISSN: 1438-1656; 1527-2648
• DOI: 10.1002/adem.200900280

Abstract
The use of porcelain stoneware in innovative applications such as the covering of internal walls or the manufacturing of ventilated facades may be limited by its relatively high density. In this paper, we discuss the achievement of a reduction in density of about 30%, coupled to a limited water absorption (about 2%), by the addition of CeO
2
to the raw materials. This additive provides some porosity due to the evolution of oxygen, in turn caused by the high temperature reduction to Ce
2
O
3
. This gas formation depends both on sintering temperature, holding time, and is obviously affected by the concentration of additive. Two different processing strategies were found to match the density and water absorption requirements for the application of stoneware tiles. One involved the the control of the CeO
2
content together with processing at high temperature for a limited holding time; the other one corresponded to the fabrication of a graded material, comprising a highly porous core (produced using a high content of CeO
2
) sandwiched between two external compact surface layers.