Use of Chemokine Receptors by Poxviruses

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 286; no. 5446; pp. 1968 - 1971
• Main Authors: Lalani, Alshad S., Masters, Jennefer, Zeng, Wei, Barrett, John, Pannu, Rajeet, Everett, Helen, Arendt, Christopher W., McFadden, Grant
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Society for the Advancement of Science 03-12-1999; American Association for the Advancement of Science; The American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Subjects: 3T3 Cells; AIDS/HIV; Animals; Antibodies - immunology; Benzoquinones; beta-Galactosidase - biosynthesis; Biological and medical sciences; Cell Line; Cell lines; Cell receptors; Cercopithecus aethiops; Chemokine CCL5 - pharmacology; Chemokine receptors; Cytokines; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression; HIV; Humans; Immunology; Infections; Inhibition; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Logical Thinking; Mice; Microbiology; Myxoma; Myxoma virus; Myxoma virus - genetics; Myxoma virus - metabolism; Pertussis Toxin; Physiological aspects; Poxviridae; Quinones - pharmacology; Rabbits; Receptors; Receptors, CCR1; Receptors, CCR5 - immunology; Receptors, CCR5 - metabolism; Receptors, Chemokine - metabolism; Receptors, CXCR4 - metabolism; Receptors, Virus - metabolism; Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains; Rifabutin - analogs & derivatives; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Virology; Virulence Factors, Bordetella - pharmacology; Virus receptors; Viruses; Chordopoxvirinae; Genetic transformation; Cytokine; Rodentia; 3T3-Cell line; Leporipoxvirus; In vitro; Virus; Chemokine; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Cell line; Mouse; Poxviridae; Permissiveness; Myxoma virus; Fibroblast; Virus penetration; Biological receptor
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5446.1968

Chemokine receptors serve as portals of entry for certain intracellular pathogens, most notably human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Myxoma virus is a member of the poxvirus family that induces a lethal systemic disease in rabbits, but no poxvirus receptor has ever been defined. Rodent fibroblasts (3T3) that cannot be infected with myxoma virus could be made fully permissive for myxoma virus infection by expression of any one of several human chemokine receptors, including CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR4. Conversely, infection of 3T3-CCR5 cells can be inhibited by RANTES, anti-CCR5 polyclonal antibody, or herbimycin A but not by monoclonal antibodies that block HIV-1 infection or by pertussis toxin. These findings suggest that poxviruses, like HIV, are able to use chemokine receptors to infect specific cell subtypes, notably migratory leukocytes, but that their mechanisms of receptor interactions are distinct.