Predictive factors associated with liver fibrosis and steatosis by transient elastography in patients with HIV mono‐infection under long‐term combined antiretroviral therapy

• Published in: Journal of the International AIDS Society Vol. 21; no. 11; pp. e25201 - n/a
• Main Authors: Perazzo, Hugo, Cardoso, Sandra W, Yanavich, Carolyn, Nunes, Estevão P, Morata, Michelle, Gorni, Nathalia, Silva, Paula Simplicio, Cardoso, Claudia, Almeida, Cristiane, Luz, Paula, Veloso, Valdilea G, Grinsztejn, Beatriz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland International AIDS Society 01-11-2018; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; Aged; AIDS; Alcohol; Analysis; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; Biopsy; Blood tests; Brazil - epidemiology; Care and treatment; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Complications and side effects; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Dosage and administration; Drug therapy; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Fasting; Fatty liver; Female; Fibrosis; Health aspects; hepatic fibrosis; Hepatitis; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; HIV infection; HIV infection, HIV care continuum; HIV infections; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV Infections - pathology; HIV patients; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Infections; Laboratories; Liver; Liver cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis - complications; Liver Cirrhosis - diagnostic imaging; Liver Cirrhosis - epidemiology; liver disease; Liver diseases; Logistic Models; Male; Metabolism; Methods; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prevalence; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Statistics; Studies; Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Brazil; fatty liver; HIV infection, HIV care continuum; liver disease; hepatic fibrosis
• ISSN: 1758-2652; 1758-2652
• DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25201

Introduction
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by the presence of hepatic steatosis and can be associated with fibrosis progression, development of cirrhosis and liver‐related complications. Data on the prevalence of liver fibrosis and steatosis in HIV patients remain contradictory in resource‐limited settings. We aimed to describe the prevalence and factors associated with liver fibrosis and steatosis in patients with HIV mono‐infection under long‐term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Methods
Clinical assessment, fasting blood collection and liver stiffness measurement (LSM)/controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) by transient elastography were performed on the same day for this cross‐sectional study (PROSPEC‐HIV study; NCT02542020). Patients with viral hepatitis co‐infection, ART‐naïve or missing data were excluded. Liver fibrosis and steatosis were defined by LSM ≥ 8.0 kPa and CAP ≥ 248 dB/m respectively. HIV history, cumulative and current ART regimens were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were performed.
Results
In total, 395 patients (60% female; median age of 45 (IQR, 35 to 52) years, body mass index = 25.7 (23.2 to 29.4) kg/m2, alanine aminotransferase = 30 (23 to 42) IU/L, duration of ART for 7 (4 to 14) years) were included. LSM and CAP were reliable in 93% (n = 367) and 87% (n = 344) respectively. The prevalence of fibrosis and steatosis were 9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7 to 13) and 35% (95% CI, 30 to 40) respectively. The following factors were associated with fibrosis (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)): older age (per 10 years; 1.80 (1.27 to 2.55); p = 0.001) and CD4+ count <200 cells/mm3 (7.80 (2.09 to 29.09), p = 0.002). Type 2 diabetes had a trend towards the presence of liver fibrosis (2.67 (0.96 to 7.46), p = 0.061). Central obesity (10.74 (4.40 to 26.20), p < 0.001), type 2 diabetes (9.74 (3.15 to 30.10), p < 0.001), dyslipidaemia (2.61 (1.35 to 5.05), p = 0.003) and metabolic syndrome (4.28 (2.45 to 7.46), p < 0.001) were associated with steatosis. A dominant backbone ART regimen of zidovudine (AZT), d4T, ddI or ddC was associated with steatosis (1.90 (1.07 to 3.38), p = 0.028) independently of metabolic features.
Conclusion
Integrated strategies for preventing non‐communicable diseases in people with HIV mono‐infection are necessary to decrease the burden of liver diseases.
Clinical Trial Number: NCT02542020.