Prediagnostic serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers are correlated with future development of lung and esophageal cancer

• Published in: Cancer science Vol. 105; no. 9; pp. 1205 - 1211
• Main Authors: Keeley, Brieze R., Islami, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pak, Jamie S., Brennan, Paul, Khademi, Hooman, Genden, Eric M., Abnet, Christian C., Dawsey, Sanford M., Boffetta, Paolo, Malekzadeh, Reza, Sikora, Andrew G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-09-2014; Wiley Open Access; BlackWell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Aerodigestive cancer; Age; Aged; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Carcinogenesis - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Chemokines; Collaboration; Cytokines; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Esophageal cancer; Esophageal Neoplasms - blood; Esophageal Neoplasms - diagnosis; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Esophagus; Female; Granulocytes; Growth factors; Head & neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Health risk assessment; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Interferon; Laboratories; Leukocytes (granulocytic); Life Sciences; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - blood; Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis; Macrophages; Male; Medical research; Middle Aged; Multivariate analysis; Original; Population; Prospective Studies; Proteins; Researchers; ROC Curve; Santé publique et épidémiologie; serum inflammatory biomarker; Serum levels; Studies; Tobacco; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumors; Iran; United States > US; lung cancer; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Aerodigestive cancer; serum inflammatory biomarker; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Aerodigestive Cancer Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lung Cancer Serum Inflammatory Biomarker
• ISSN: 1347-9032; 1349-7006
• DOI: 10.1111/cas.12485

This study tests the hypothesis that prediagnostic serum levels of 20 cancer‐associated inflammatory biomarkers correlate directly with future development of head and neck, esophageal, and lung cancers in a high‐risk prospective cohort. This is a nested case–control pilot study of subjects enrolled in the Golestan Cohort Study, an ongoing epidemiologic project assessing cancer trends in Golestan, Iran. We measured a panel of 20 21cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory molecules using Luminex technology in serum samples collected 2 or more years before cancer diagnosis in 78 aerodigestive cancer cases and 81 controls. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, odds ratios, receiver operating characteristic areas of discrimination, and multivariate analysis. Biomarkers were profoundly and globally elevated in future esophageal and lung cancer patients compared to controls. Odds ratios were significant for association between several biomarkers and future development of esophageal cancer, including interleukin‐1Rα (IL‐1Ra; 35.9), interferon α2 (IFN‐a2; 34.0), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2; 17.4), and granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF; 17.4). The same pattern was observed among future lung cancer cases for G‐CSF (27.7), GM‐CSF (13.3), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐a; 8.6). By contrast, the majority of biomarkers studied showed no significant correlation with future head and neck cancer development. This study provides the first direct evidence that multiple inflammatory biomarkers are coordinately elevated in future lung and esophageal cancer patients 2 or more years before cancer diagnosis.
The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that pre‐diagnostic serum levels of cancer‐associated inflammatory biomarkers correlate directly with future development of aerodigestive cancers in a high‐risk prospective cohort. Biomarkers were profoundly and globally elevated in future esophageal and lung cancer patients compared to controls.