Electronic media use and academic performance in late childhood: A longitudinal study

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 9; p. e0237908
• Main Authors: Mundy, Lisa K, Canterford, Louise, Hoq, Monsurul, Olds, Timothy, Moreno-Betancur, Margarita, Sawyer, Susan, Kosola, Silja, Patton, George C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 02-09-2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Absorption cross sections; Academic achievement; Access to information; Biology and Life Sciences; Child development; Children; Children & youth; Computer & video games; Computer and Information Sciences; Computers and children; Correlation analysis; Demographic aspects; Education; Exposure; Health aspects; Health risks; Learning; Longitudinal studies; Media; Mental health; Numeracy; Parents; Parents & parenting; Pediatrics; People and Places; Physical activity; Questionnaires; Schools; Screen time; Social media; Social Sciences; Teenagers; Television; Television and children; Australia; Victoria Australia
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237908

The effects of electronic media use on health has received much attention but less is known about links with academic performance. This study prospectively examines the effect of media use on academic performance in late childhood. 1239 8- to 9-year-olds and their parents were recruited to take part in a prospective, longitudinal study. Academic performance was measured on a national achievement test at baseline and 10-11 years of age. Parents reported on their child's duration of electronic media use. After control for baseline reading, watching more than two hours of television per day at 8-9 years of age predicted a 12-point lower performance in reading at 10-11 years, equivalent to the loss of a third of a year in learning. Using a computer for more than one hour a day predicted a similar 12-point lower numeracy performance. Regarding cross-sectional associations (presumed to capture short-term effects) of media use on numeracy, after controlling for prior media exposure, watching more than two hours of television per day at 10-11 years was concurrently associated with a 12-point lower numeracy score and using a computer for more than one hour per day with a 13-point lower numeracy performance. There was little evidence for concurrent effects on reading. There was no evidence of short- or long-term associations between videogame use and academic performance. Cumulative television use is associated with poor reading and cumulative computer use with poorer numeracy. Beyond any links between heavy media use and health risks such as obesity, physical activity and mental health, these findings raise a possibility of additional risks of both television and computer use for learning in mid-childhood. These findings carry implications for parents, teachers and clinicians to consider the type and timing of media exposure in developing media plans for children.