Decellularized human periodontal ligament for periodontium regeneration

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 8; p. e0221236
• Main Authors: Son, Hyoju, Jeon, Mijeong, Choi, Hyung-Jun, Lee, Hyo-Seol, Kim, Ik-Hwan, Kang, Chung-Min, Song, Je Seon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 15-08-2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Biocompatibility; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomedical materials; Bone regeneration; Care and treatment; Cell culture; Cell Differentiation; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Cementum; Dentistry; EDTA; Engineering; Extracellular matrix; Extracellular Matrix - chemistry; Female; Genes; Growth factors; Heart; Humans; Ligaments; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; Mesenchyme; Methods; Molars; Pediatrics; Periodontal diseases; Periodontal ligament; Periodontal Ligament - chemistry; Periodontal Ligament - metabolism; Periodontium; Periodontium - physiology; Regeneration; Repopulation; Research and Analysis Methods; Scaffolds; Sodium; Sodium dodecyl sulfate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Stem cells; Structure-function relationships; Sulfates; Surface active agents; Teeth; Tissue Engineering; South Korea; United States > US
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221236

Regenerating the periodontal ligament (PDL) is a crucial factor for periodontal tissue regeneration in the presence of traumatized and periodontally damaged teeth. Various methods have been applied for periodontal regeneration, including tissue substitutes, bioactive materials, and synthetic scaffolds. However, all of these treatments have had limited success in structural and functional periodontal tissue regeneration. To achieve the goal of complete periodontal regeneration, many studies have evaluated the effectiveness of decellularized scaffolds fabricated via tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to fabricate a decellularized periodontal scaffold of human tooth slices and determine its regeneration potential. We evaluated two different protocols applied to tooth slices obtained from human healthy third molars. The extracellular matrix scaffold decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100, which are effective in removing nuclear components, was demonstrated to preserve an intact structure and composition. Furthermore, the decellularized scaffold could support repopulation of PDL stem cells near the cementum and expressed cementum and periodontal-ligament-related genes. These results show that decellularized PDL scaffolds of human teeth are capable of inducing the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, thus having regeneration potential for use in future periodontal regenerative tissue engineering.