A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 3; p. e0213895
• Main Authors: Rupp, Christian, Jürgens, Charlotte, Doebler, Philipp, Andor, Fabian, Buhlmann, Ulrike
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 20-03-2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adhesion (Surface science); Adult; Analysis; Behavior modification; Biology and Life Sciences; Clinical trials; Cognition - physiology; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - methods; Depression (Mood disorder); Depression - physiopathology; Depression - psychology; Effectiveness; Factorial experiments; Female; Humans; Intelligence tests; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mental depression; Metacognition; Mindfulness - methods; Mindfulness meditation; Neuroses; Obsessive compulsive disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - physiopathology; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology; Patients; Psychoanalytic Therapy - methods; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Randomization; Research and Analysis Methods; Signs and symptoms; Social Sciences; Treatment Outcome; Waiting Lists; Germany
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213895

Whereas research has demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive restructuring (CR) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), little is known about the efficacy of specific metacognitive interventions such as detached mindfulness (DM). Therefore, this study compared the efficacy of CR and DM as stand-alone interventions.
We conducted a randomized waitlist-controlled trial. n = 43 participants were randomly assigned to either DM or CR. Out of those participants, n = 21 participants had been previously assigned to a two-week waitlist condition.
In both conditions, treatment comprised four double sessions within two weeks. Assessment took place at baseline (Pre1), after treatment (Post) and four weeks after the end of treatment (FU). There was a second baseline assessment (Pre2) in the waitlist group. Independent evaluators were blinded concerning the active condition. Adherence and competence ratings for the two therapists were obtained from an independent rater.
40 patients completed the treatment. Two patients dropped out because of exacerbated depression. There were no further adverse events. Both CR and DM were shown to be superior to waitlist and equally effective at reducing OCD symptoms from pre to post assessment as measured with the Y-BOCS (CR: d = 1.67, DM: d = 1.55). In each of the two treatment conditions, eight patients (40%) exhibited a clinical significant change at post assessment.
The results of this clinical trial suggest the potential efficacy of DM as a stand-alone intervention for OCD, however, our findings need to be interpreted with caution. Results indicate that both CR and DM should be considered as possible alternative treatments for OCD, whereas the working mechanisms of DM have yet to be elucidated.