Use of cystatin C and serum creatinine for the diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography at an oncology centre

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 5; p. e0122877
• Main Authors: Fortalesa Melo, Joao Italo, Chojniak, Rubens, Costa Silva, Debora Helena, Oliveira Junior, Jose Carlos, Vieira Bitencourt, Almir Galvão, Holanda Silva, Diego, Guimarães, Marcos Duarte, Silva, Hernandes Cerqueira Souza, Dias, Denis Guilherme Teixeira, Rodrigues, Winglison Carli, Brancucci, Ellen Luzia, Cruz, Barbara Martins Soares, Schiavon, Beatriz Nunes, Argenton, Juliana Luz Passos, Camporini, Margareth Arrivabene, Zocchio, Adriana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 11-05-2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Complications and side effects; Computation; Computed tomography; Confidence intervals; Consent; Contrast agents; Contrast media; Contrast Media - adverse effects; Creatinine; Creatinine - blood; CT imaging; Cystatin; Cystatin C; Cystatin C - blood; Data analysis; Data processing; Diabetes; Diagnosis; Female; Halogenation; Health aspects; Humans; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - physiopathology; Kidney diseases; Kidney Diseases - blood; Kidney Diseases - chemically induced; Kidney Diseases - diagnosis; Kidney Diseases - physiopathology; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney transplantation; Male; Mathematical analysis; Mathematical models; Medical diagnosis; Medical imaging; Middle Aged; Nephropathy; Osmolarity; Patients; Prospective Studies; Proteins; Renal function; Researchers; Studies; Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - adverse effects; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122877

Our aim was to assess renal function using as laboratory measurements serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations before and after administration of low-osmolarity (nonionic) iodinated contrast medium in patients with cancer undergoing computed tomography (CT).
This prospective study included 400 oncologic outpatients. Serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations were measured before and 72 h after contrast administration. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) were estimated using serum creatinine-based [Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockroft-Gault and cystatin C based (Larsson) equations. Exploratory data analysis was performed. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to compare pre and post contrast of test results and estimated clearance. The confidence interval used in the analysis was 95%.
Compared with the pre-contrast values, the mean serum creatinine concentration was significantly higher and average GFRs estimated using MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault equations were significantly lower after the administration of contrast (p <0.001). It was also observed a significant increase after contrast in the concentration of Cystatin C (p = 0.015). In addition, a decrease in GFR estimated using the average Larsson (p = 0.021) was observed between time points. However, none of the patients presented clinically significant nephropathy.
Assessment using serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations showed changes in renal function among patients with cancer undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examination in this study. No significant renal damage related to the use of low-osmolarity iodinated contrast medium of the type and dosage employed in this study was observed. This contrast medium is thus safe for use in patients with cancer.