Annual movement patterns of endangered ivory gulls: the importance of sea ice

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 12; p. e115231
• Main Authors: Spencer, Nora C, Gilchrist, H Grant, Mallory, Mark L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 31-12-2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Animal behavior; Animal Migration; Animals; Aquatic birds; Arctic environments; Biology and Life Sciences; Breeding; Breeding seasons; Charadriiformes; Data processing; Earth Sciences; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Ecosystem; Endangered Species; Geography; Gulls; Habitats; Ice; Ice Cover; Ice environments; Larus fuscus; Migration; Oceans and Seas; Polar environments; Recession; Route selection; Sea ice; Seasons; Spacecraft; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Telecommunications equipment; Transmitters; Wildlife conservation
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115231

The ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) is an endangered seabird that spends its entire year in the Arctic environment. In the past three decades, threats from various sources have contributed to a >70% decline in Canada. To assess the annual habitat needs of this species, we attached satellite transmitters to 12 ivory gulls on Seymour Island, Nunavut in 2010, which provided up to four breeding seasons of tracking data. Analysis of migratory behaviour revealed considerable individual variation of post-breeding migratory route selection. Ivory gulls traveled a median of 74 days during post-breeding migration, but only 18 days during pre-breeding migration. In contrast to predictions, ivory gulls did not use the Greenland coast during migratory periods. Ivory gulls overwintered near the ice edge in Davis Strait, but also used the Labrador Sea in late February and March. We suggest that the timing of formation and recession and extent of sea ice plays a large role in ivory gull distribution and migratory timing.