Hydroxylamine-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) by "Candidatus Brocadia sinica"

• Published in: Environmental microbiology Vol. 18; no. 9; pp. 3133 - 3143
• Main Authors: Oshiki, Mamoru, Ali, Muhammad, Shinyako-Hata, Kaori, Satoh, Hisashi, Okabe, Satoshi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-09-2016; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Ammonium Compounds - metabolism; Bacteria, Anaerobic - enzymology; Bacteria, Anaerobic - genetics; Bacteria, Anaerobic - metabolism; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Chemoautotrophic Growth; Cytochromes - genetics; Cytochromes - metabolism; Hydroxylamine - metabolism; Metabolism; Nitrite Reductases - genetics; Nitrite Reductases - metabolism; Oxidation-Reduction; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - metabolism
• ISSN: 1462-2912; 1462-2920
• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13355

Summary
Although metabolic pathways and associated enzymes of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) of ‘Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’ have been studied, those of other anammox bacteria are still poorly understood.
NO2− reduction to NO is considered to be the first step in the anammox metabolism of ‘Ca. K. stuttgartiensis’, however, ‘Ca. Brocadia’ lacks the genes that encode canonical NO‐forming nitrite reductases (NirS or NirK) in its genome, which is different from ‘Ca. K. stuttgartiensis’. Here, we studied the anammox metabolism of ‘Ca. Brocadia sinica’. 15N‐tracer experiments demonstrated that ‘Ca. B. sinica’ cells could reduce
NO2− to NH2OH, instead of NO, with as yet unidentified nitrite reductase(s). Furthermore, N2H4 synthesis, downstream reaction of
NO2− reduction, was investigated using a purified ‘Ca. B. sinica' hydrazine synthase (Hzs) and intact cells. Both the ‘Ca. B. sinica’ Hzs and cells utilized NH2OH and
NH4+, but not NO and
NH4+, for N2H4 synthesis and further oxidized N2H4 to N2 gas. Taken together, the metabolic pathway of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ is NH2OH‐dependent and different from the one of ‘Ca. K. stuttgartiensis’, indicating metabolic diversity of anammox bacteria.