Short-term low carbohydrate/high-fat diet intake increases postprandial plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels during an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy men

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 66; no. 8; pp. 926 - 931
• Main Authors: Numao, S, Kawano, H, Endo, N, Yamada, Y, Konishi, M, Takahashi, M, Sakamoto, S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-08-2012; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/699/317; 692/700/565/2072; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood plasma; Body Composition; Body mass; Body Mass Index; Body size; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular diseases; Clinical Nutrition; Dextrose; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diagnostic tests; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Diets; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Energy Intake; Epidemiology; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glucose tolerance tests; Health aspects; High carbohydrate diet; High fat diet; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin - metabolism; Insulin Secretion; Internal Medicine; Intervention; Ketogenic diet; Low carbohydrate diet; Low fat diet; Male; Males; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Men; Metabolic Diseases; Motor Activity; Nutrient deficiency; original-article; Peptides; Physiological aspects; Plasma; Postprandial Period - drug effects; Public Health; Secretion; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Japan; impaired glucose tolerance; postprandial hyperglycemia; incretin; glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; Endocrinopathy; Short term; Human; Incretin; Postprandial; Oral administration; Metabolic diseases; Increase; Glucose tolerance test; Glucose; Glucagon like peptide 1; Blood plasma; Gastrointestinal hormone; Low fat diet; Carbohydrate; Gastric inhibitory peptide; Impaired glucose tolerance
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.58

Background/Objectives:
Postprandial hyperglycemia increases the risks of development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 3-day low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HFD) alters postprandial plasma glucose and incretin levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy men.
Subjects/Methods:
Nine healthy young men (age (mean±s.e.), 27±1 years; body mass index, 22±1 kg/m
2
) consumed either a normal diet (ND: energy from ∼22% fat) or a LC/HFD (energy from ∼69% fat) for 3 days each. The total energy intake from each diet was similar. An OGTT was performed after each 3-day dietary intervention. Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were determined at rest and during the OGTT.
Results:
Plasma glucose levels and incremental area under the curve during the OGTT were significantly higher in the LC/HFD trial than in the ND trial (
P
=0.024). In addition, increase in GLP-1 levels was significantly higher in the LC/HFD trial than in the ND trial (
P
=0.025). The first-phase insulin secretion indexes were significantly lower in the LC/HFD trial than in the ND trial (
P
<0.041).
Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that even short-term LC/HFD increased postprandial plasma glucose and GLP-1 levels in healthy young men. A decrease in first-phase insulin secretion may partially contribute to the short-term LC/HFD-induced increase in postprandial plasma glucose levels.