Animal Reservoirs and Hosts for Emerging Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 1015 - 1022
• Main Authors: Ghai, Ria R, Carpenter, Ann, Liew, Amanda Y, Martin, Krystalyn B, Herring, Meghan K, Gerber, Susan I, Hall, Aron J, Sleeman, Jonathan M, VonDobschuetz, Sophie, Behravesh, Casey Barton
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01-04-2021; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subjects: Alphacoronavirus - isolation & purification; Analysis; animal reservoirs; Animal Reservoirs and Hosts for Emerging Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses; Animals; Animals, Wild; Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification; Coronaviridae - isolation & purification; coronavirus disease; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology; Coronavirus Infections - veterinary; Coronavirus Infections - virology; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - virology; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs - veterinary; Disease Reservoirs - virology; Environmental aspects; Evaluation; Health aspects; Host Specificity; hosts; Humans; Livestock; Middle East respiratory syndrome; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - isolation & purification; Pandemics; Properties; Reservoirs; Respiratory diseases; Risk assessment; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; viruses; Wildlife; Zoonoses - epidemiology; Zoonoses - virology; United States; United States > US; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; viruses; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; hosts; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; animal reservoirs; zoonoses; MERS-CoV; coronavirus disease; coronaviruses; respiratory infections
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid2704.203945

The ongoing global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease has once again demonstrated the role of the family Coronaviridae in causing human disease outbreaks. Because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first detected in December 2019, information on its tropism, host range, and clinical manifestations in animals is limited. Given the limited information, data from other coronaviruses might be useful for informing scientific inquiry, risk assessment, and decision-making. We reviewed endemic and emerging infections of alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in wildlife, livestock, and companion animals and provide information on the receptor use, known hosts, and clinical signs associated with each host for 15 coronaviruses detected in humans and animals. This information can be used to guide implementation of a One Health approach that involves human health, animal health, environmental, and other relevant partners in developing strategies for preparedness, response, and control to current and future coronavirus disease threats.